Why I am a Psychology Major: An Empirical Analysis of Student Motivations

The underlying “architecture of the decision to pursue a degree in psychology was quantified using the Method of Sorting technique to identifying the critical issues necessary to make this choice. Multidimentsional scaling procedures were employed to construct a three-dimensional map representing the relationships between reasons for selecting psychology as a major. Freshman and senior psychology majors (N = 165) from a regional university and a large research-based institution rated the relative importance of items in their decision-making process. Hierarchical clustering procedures revealed seven different groups of students. Although significant differences associated with class standing were not found, institutional affiliation did influence cluster composition. Reflecting local emphases, students at the regional institution had a greater interest in Counseling Psychology, whereas those at the research-based school focused on Clinical Psychology. This semantic map and the associated item clusters arising from psychology student data provides an empirical basis for, amongst other things, course selection, faculty-initiated program design or revision, strategic niche marketing, and student retention.     

堆场疏浚泥颗粒分选特性初步量化方法

为了准确评估堆场存储能力和合理选择疏浚泥处理工艺,以泥沙运动学为理论基础,将疏浚泥颗粒分为d0.005 mm、0.005 mm≤d≤0.01 mm和d0.01 mm 3个粒组,分析了各粒组相对含量的沿程变化规律,明确了堆场疏浚泥分选的主要原因是d0.01 mm粒组与0.005 mm≤d≤0.01 mm粒组的相对运动;以分选系数量化堆场疏浚泥分选的显著程度,以偏离系数量化原泥颗粒组成对堆场疏浚泥分选的影响,分析了分选系数、偏离系数分布与堆场疏浚泥土性分布的关系,提出了堆场疏浚泥分选特性的初步量化方法。研究结果表明:随着离吹填口距离的增大,分选系数沿程减小,呈幂函数分布,堆场疏浚泥分选性沿程减弱,吹填口附近分选系数最大,颗粒分选显著,粒度差异大,退水口附近分选系数趋近于零,分选不明显,颗粒分布均匀;偏离系数沿程先减小后增大,呈勺形分布,反映堆场前、后段疏浚泥土性与原泥相差较大,而堆场中段疏浚泥土性与原泥接近;分选系数、偏离系数的沿程分布与堆场疏浚泥土性分区具有良好的相关性。     

边界条件对自然河流形成及演变影响机理的实验研究

运用自然模型法,采用清水冲刷成功地塑造了室内天然小河。实验研究了不同的初始河流几何边界条件以及水流条件对河流演变的影响。研究发现流量对河流展宽幅值影响最大。水流入射角的大小与河流展宽幅度及河流弯曲度的变化没有必然的联系,30°入射角时小河的河流展宽及弯曲度变化最明显。入射角对河流演变的作用只是短期的,且在演变初始阶段影响较大。受初始边界条件的影响,河流向下游演变具有滞后性及曲率变化的传递性等特点。本文最后分析了河流演变过程中的泥沙分选现象。     

Relationship between city size and firm productivity – A new interpretation using the Chinese experience

This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between city size and firm productivity by focusing on agglomeration, selection (market competition), and sorting (presence of firms with diverse productivity) effects using Chinese firm-level data for 1998–2013. Contrary to the existing literature, our parametric regression estimates from nearly two million firms show that when the selection effect is controlled, productivity advantage in big cities is reversed. This outcome is explained through a quantile regression showing the existence of left-sided sorting (inefficient firms sort themselves to larger cities) in big cities which is not captured in existing empirical literature. We further find that (1) left-sided sorting is stronger in exporters than non-exporters; (2) is also generated mainly in enterprises with high asset-liability ratios; and (3) selection has a positive effect on firm productivity, suggesting that market competition is key in an explanation of the rapid growth of big cities in China.     

基于农村循环经济的垃圾分类处理方法及运行管理模式分析

农村垃圾污染问题已成为当前农村最急需解决的环境问题。介绍了我国农村垃圾排放现状、特点以及污染危害,通过分析目前垃圾分类处理不充分的原因,因地制宜提出基于农村循环经济的垃圾分类处理方法及运行管理模式,以提高垃圾分类处理的科学性,满足环境保护的要求。     

太湖蓝藻事件影响无锡市城市居民垃圾分类意识的计量分析

从2007年太湖蓝藻事件社会影响的货币损益计量角度出发,运用费用评价法、后果阻止法和市场价值法就蓝藻事件对无锡市城市居民垃圾分类意识的影响进行了计量研究。结果表明,太湖蓝藻事件发生后的3年内因为居民垃圾分类意识的提高给无锡市带来的经济效益为4 276.49万元。     

涡管排沙式沉沙池的工程应用——以新疆金沟河渠首电站为例

简述涡管排沙式沉沙池的设计思路 ,结合新疆金沟河渠首电站 ,介绍涡管排沙式沉沙池的原型观测结果 ,并对沉沙池的运用效果进行了分析 .工程实践表明 ,涡管排沙式沉沙池构造简单 ,运行可靠 ,造价低廉 ,有较好的沉沙及排沙作用 ,可用于排除水电站引水渠道中的悬移质泥沙     

分拣导入物料的投影尺寸及近似体积测量计算方法

分析了目前自动化物流分拣输送系统在物料导入输送环节的工艺特点和设备控制现状,并结合应用光电检测、工业可编程控制等技术,针对水平交叉带分拣输送机应用场景,对其中物料导入控制环节所面临的物料外形尺寸测量和计算问题,提出了基于物料轮廓最大值检测、尺寸特征捕捉、长宽比关系判断等要素来对物料投影尺寸进行测量的计算方法,具有数据采集实时、程序编写简单、运算量少等特点;同时基于对导入输送的物料进行横向、纵向的截面段断层扫描测量并累加计算,以较低的器件成本及较少的控制器程序运算量,实现对物料体积的近似测量计算,是一种较为经济和可取的控制计算方法。     

利用频移动态特征的辐射源目标盲分选

利用辐射源目标的频移动态特征进行盲分选时,针对已有的分选方法不能很好解决非合作接收数据非周期、间断、交叠的问题,提出了一种改进的逻辑回归分选算法,将信号分选转化为轨迹分类的问题来处理。首先,借鉴多目标航迹起始模型中的M/N逻辑法的框架,设计新的数据关联门限,以建立目标起始曲线;其次,采用最小二乘拟合方法替代卡尔曼滤波,设计新的外推规则,建立载频变化预测曲线;分析新的接收数据与预测曲线的关联性,不断迭代回归或形成新的分支,最后获得目标分选结果。仿真与实测试验表明,利用逻辑回归分选算法,对不同运动目标搭载的同频辐射源可进行自动分选,4个仿真目标与2个真实目标的分选正确率达到100%。同时,该方法拓展了辐射源目标盲分选中的动态频移特征应用,为辐射源个体识别提供了新的支持。     

Incentives and the Sorting of Altruistic Agents into Street‐Level Bureaucracies*

Many street‐level bureaucrats have the dual task of helping some clients, while sanctioning others. We develop a model of a street‐level bureaucracy, and we study the implications of its personnel policy on the self‐selection and allocation decisions of agents who differ in altruism towards clients. When bureaucrats are paid flat wages, they do not sanction, and the most altruistic types sort into bureaucracy. Pay‐for‐performance induces some bureaucrats to sanction, but it necessitates an increase in compensation, which can result in sorting from the top and bottom of the altruism distribution. We also explain why street‐level bureaucrats often experience an overload of clients.