有机掺杂的TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜的光学性能

在TiO2-SiO2溶胶-凝胶体系中掺杂表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB,采用溶胶-凝胶技术,通过简单提拉迅速蒸发溶剂、后期热处理去除表面活性剂的方法制备出具有纳米结构的有机掺杂TiO2-SiO2复合光学薄膜。利用红外光谱(IR)研究掺杂薄膜表面结构特征;紫外分光光度计UV-VIS-NIR研究不同实验条件下制备的复合薄膜吸收透过性的影响;利用反射式椭圆偏振光谱仪(ELLIP)测试薄膜的椭偏参数及Cauchy模型对椭偏参数进行计算机数据拟和,获得了掺杂的TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜光学常数在300-700nm波长范围的色散关系。     

HDTMA改性沸石吸附水中Cr（VI）研究

摘要：研究以阳离子表面活性剂HDTMA改性天然斜发沸石,制得HDTMA改性沸石,进而研究HDTMA改性沸石对废水中Cr（VI）的吸附特征。结果表明：HDTMAL改性沸石对cr（VI）吸附符合Langmuir等温式和拟二级动力学方程,饱和吸附量为10．99mg／g,吸附主要为化学吸附,但温度、pH值和干扰离-~HDTMA沸石吸附cr（VI）具有明显影响。     

Bubble hydrodynamic influence on oxygen transfer rate at presence of cationic and anionic surfactants in electroflotation proces

In this work, the effects of the presence of surfactants in the liquid phase and the hydrodynamic regime of the bubble flow on the oxygen transfer rate were investigated in an electroflotation process in batch mode. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient KLα and the oxygenation capacity were evaluated to improve the performances of the electroflotation process in terms of oxygenation. In order to evaluate the liquid-side mass transfer coefficient KLα the volumetric mass transfer coefficient KLα was dissociated into KL and the specific interracial area （a） since the last one was obtained from the gas hold-up and the bubble diameter. The effect of Reynolds number which define the hydrodynamic of the bubble flow has been also studied. Models of KLa and KL have been established to show the effects of the hydrodynamic parameters and liquid phase characteristics on the oxygen transfer rate.     

TURBULENCE TRANSPORT OF SURFACTANT SOLUTION FLOW DURING DRAG REDUCTION DEGENERATION

Turbulence transport of surfactant solution flow during drag reduction degeneration is investigated experimentally in a two-dimensional channel.Particle Image Velocimetry (P1V) system is used to take t...     

HDTMA改性沸石吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)研究

研究以阳离子表面活性剂HDTMA改性天然斜发沸石,制得HDTMA改性沸石,进而研究HDTMA改性沸石对废水中Cr(Ⅵ) 的吸附特征.结果表明:HDTMA改性沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附符合Langmuir等温式和拟二级动力学方程,饱和吸附量为10.99mg/g,吸附主要为化学吸附,但温度、pH值和干扰离子对HDTMA沸石吸附C...     

CW系化学灌浆材料的研制

 采用化学灌浆材料性能测试方法，研究了影响CW系化学灌浆材料主要性能的各种因素。结果表明，浆材的物理性能与环氧树脂、活性稀释剂、固化剂、表面活性剂的种类和用量有关。工程应用实例说明CW系化学灌浆材料特别适合于处理泥化夹层和混凝土微细裂缝。     

液体洗涤剂主要组分的选择和复配依据

液体洗涤剂的主要组分是表面活性剂,其选择是配制液体洗涤剂的关键。针对影响洗涤作用的因素,提出了选择液体洗涤剂的主要组分时可遵循的一些原理和规则,并对影响洗涤作用的关键因素——乳化作用所应用的乳化剂的选择方法及适用范围进行了总结。对已选用的主要组分,考察了各组分之间是否存在增效作用并进行优化,以得到针对被洗物实用特效的表面活性剂组分。     

EFFECT OF SURFACTANT ON TWO-PHASE FLOW PATTERNS OF WATER-GAS IN CAPILLARY TUBES

Flow patterns of liquid-gas two-phase flow were experimentally investigated. The experiments were carried out in both vertical and horizontal capillary tubes having inner diameters of 1.60 mm. The working liquid was the mixture of water and Sodium Dodecyl Benzoyl Sulfate (SDBS). The working gas was Nitrogen. For the water/SDBS mixture-gas flow in the vertical capillary tube, flow-pattern transitions occurred at lower flow velocities than those for the water-gas flow in the same tube. For the water/SDBS mixture-gas flow in the horizontal capillary tube, surface tension had little effect on the bubbly-intermittent transition and had only slight effect on the plug-slug and slug-annular transitions. However, surface tension had significant effect on the wavy stratified flow regime. The wavy stratified flow regime of water/SDBS mixture-gas flow expanded compared with that of water-gas.     

表面活性剂紊流输水减阻的雷诺应力及能量传递

为揭示表面活性剂减阻水溶液紊流的减阻机理,通过分析各种试验结果后指出,雷诺剪切应力的大幅降低是源于表面活性剂的去相关作用;通过二维矩形封闭流道的时均能量、紊流能量的平衡分析,表明胶束剪切应力从时均流获得能量对低雷诺应力工况下紊流的产生和维持起了决定性作用,减阻率与胶束剪切应力从时均流获得的能量大小之间存在负相关关系。在二维明槽中,使用二维激光多普勒流速仪实测的表面活性剂减阻水溶液的主流方向速度脉动能谱表明,大尺度涡体含能较牛顿流体大,小尺度涡体含能低于牛顿流体,能量耗散尺度增大,这是表面活性剂减阻水溶液紊流能量传递的基本特征。     

微气泡曝气中微气泡收缩特性研究

微气泡曝气是一种新的气泡曝气方式,气泡特性对微气泡曝气性能具有显著影响。采用气-水旋流微气泡发生装置,考察了微气泡曝气中气泡尺寸和微气泡收缩特性及其影响因素。结果表明,微气泡发生装置在清水中产生的微气泡平均直径为55.85μm,标准偏差为30.03μm;40～50μm直径范围内的微气泡所占的体积分率最大,表面活性剂SDS会降低微气泡的平均直径。微气泡具有加速收缩消失的行为特性,微气泡初始直径与收缩时间之间存在显著的正相关关系,静态条件下相同初始直径的微气泡收缩过程存在明显差异。表面活性剂SDS存在时,微气泡的收缩时间显著延长。微气泡的收缩时间与传质区域面积具有负相关关系,表明微环境影响微气泡收缩过程。