关系专用性投资的全球价值链升级功效——基于浙江本土代工企业的实证研究

本土代工企业在全球价值链嵌入中进行代工关系专用性投资，具有何种升级功效？针对主流全球价值链理论的“升级”与“伪升级”争议，文章基于跨国买供间关系治理理论与关系租金攫取视角的升级界定，采用浙江本土代工企业146个二元代工关系层面调查数据的实证研究表明，关系专用性投资通过关系建构，有助于本土代工企业的关系租金攫取，具有“升级”效应；但同时会导致权力销蚀，存在“伪升级”效应。当代工能力具有较高的专有性水平时，升级效应处于主导，反之则伪升级效应处于主导。结论表明，本土代工企业在全球价值链嵌入中进行关系专用性投资，只能锦上添花、不能雪中送炭。这一结论澄清了本土代工企业“升级”与“伪升级”争议，对代工企业升级的战略决策具有直接应用价值。

GVC Upgrading Effects of Relationally Specific Investment:An Empirical Study based on Zhejiang Local OEM/ODM Firms

The capability investments by local OEM/ODM firms imbedded in global value chains have dyadic relational specificity. What roles the specific investments play on GVC upgrading keeps being debated theoretically in between upgrading or degrading. From the perspective of international buyer-supplier relationship governance theory, and based on the definition of upgrading by relational rent appropriation, the empirical study of the 146 Zhejiang dyadic OEM/ODM relationship samples shows: relational construction effect of relationally specific investment promotes relational rent appropriation and upgrading, while power weakening effect gives rise to relational rent loss and degrading. The exclusion of OEM/ODM firms’ capabilities moderates the relationships between relationally specific investment and relational rent appropriation performance. This conclusion settles the controversy of upgrading or degrading, clarifies the mechanism, and contributes to the GVC governance theory and international buyer-supplier governance theory, directly beneficial for the policy design and upgrading practice.