中国转型期城乡收入差距的制度成因分析

中国转型期城乡收入差距呈扩大趋势,城乡收入差距偏大;城镇居民收入增长率明显大于农村居民收入增长率.重工业优先发展战略、二元的价格制度是中国转型期城乡收入差距扩大的历史成因;财税体制、金融体制、户籍制度是根本原因;此外,农村土地产权制度、二元的计划生育政策、制度变迁扩大了城乡收入差距.

Institutional Genesis of Income Gap Between the Urban and Rural Areas in the Period of Economic Transition in China

Income gap between the urban and rural areas has widened greatly in the period of economic transition. Income growth of the urban residents is much faster than that of the rural residents. Historically, this gap was originated because of the developing priority of heavy industry and dual price policy. The gap is enlarged mainly because of the institutional treatment difference to the urban area and rural area such as financial policy, tax policy and residential policy. Some other institutions including land property right, different birth control policy in urban and rural areas, political reform have also contributed to the enlarging of the gap.