小农水体制机制改革举措探讨——以重庆云阳为例

[目的]解决重庆云阳小农水存在的无人管护、运作效率低下导致工程性缺水等问题,探寻管护模式、工程规模与管护效率之间的关系。[方法]文章对小农水产权制度改革与管护机制创新试点重庆云阳县进行了实地调研,在此基础上运用DEA分析方法和问卷方法探究了堰塘工程规模和运行效率与管护的关系。[结果]私有化管护模式要比集体管护效率高,并且规模较大的工程易私有化,分析结果符合实地调研结果。同时指出试点所做的举措与背后的原因,并给出适当的改革建议。[结论]提出改革需进一步引入市场机制,进一步放开堰塘的经营权与收益权,对于小规模集体管护的堰塘及规模大的个人或联户无能力经营的堰塘,由用水者协会管理。该文对重庆乃至处于西南山丘区的小农水管护模式的改革研究具有一定指导意义,也为其他区域的小农水体制机制改革的理论研究提供一定参考与借鉴。

THE REFORM OF SMALL SCALE WATER SYSTEM MECHANISM: A CASE STUDY OF YUNYANG, CHONGQING

For solving the water shortage issues of Chongqing Yunyang small-scale water induced by no management and low operation efficiency, this paper used four indexes to explore the relationships among the management and protection mode, the scale of engineering, and the efficiency of management and protection. It conducted a field investigation on the small-scale water property rights system reform and management mechanism innovation pilot in Chongqing county of Yunyang. And then the DEA analysis method and questionnaire method were used to explore the relationship between the scale and efficiency of the project. The results showed that the efficiency of the privatization mode was higher than the collective management, and large scale engineering can be easily privately-owned. At the same time, it pointed out the measures and the reasons behind the pilot, and proposed some suggestions for the reform, such as introducing the market mechanism, further releasing business rights and income rights. For the small-scale ponds by the collective management and the large ponds by the individuals or households without the ability to operate, the water users association can manage them. The results can provide a reference for theoretical research of small-scale water system reform in other areas.