中国地区(制造业行业)间的技术溢出分析

技术溢出现象是指部门(可以是企业、地区或行业)进行研究开发活动获取的新知识会通过各种渠道(人员流动或有形产品的信息)溢出到别的部门,但本部门却不能为此收取任何报酬,于是其研究开发动力下降;另一方面,该部门也会得到来自其他部门的技术溢出,减小研究开发成本。通常,各部门会忽略自身研发对其他企业生产的影响,于是只有前一种作用存在,于是技术溢出会增加各部门的研究开发和专利生产数。本文通过构造了它们之间的技术相邻指标和技术溢出指标分析了中国三十个省、直辖市以及制造业行业之间的技术溢出特点,发现地区间的技术溢出与该地区的发展阶段存在紧密联系。通过回归证实了Spence模型的结论:即地区(制造业行业)间的技术溢出会使会使该地区(制造业行业)的研究开发投入上升,且专利申请数量上升。

On the Spillovers between Regions or Manufacturing Industries in China

An agent's(An agent can be a firm、industry or region) incentive to invest in R&D is attenuated when the knowledge generated by the investment is involuntarily transmitted to competitors(because of the mobility of personnel among agents or the embodiment of knowledge in tangible products). So on one side,an increase in spillover reduces the incentive to invest in R&D,for R&D is not fully appropriated;on the other side,it also reduces the R&D required to achieve a given level of cost reduction.Usually the agents might imperfectly anticipate or even ignore the effects of their R&D input on the costs of other agents.Then the spillover may make the agents input more R&D resources or apply more patents.In this paper,we analyze the fact of spillovers between 30 provinces or manufacturing industries in China by constructing an index to measure the extent of spillovers,which seems to be related to the level of economic development.Then the regression results show the net effect on R&D spending and patent application is positive.