土地财政、城市产出效率与全要素生产率增长差异

在国有土地使用权大量出让、财政收入快速增长的背景下,考量城市面积的快速扩张对经济增长的贡献及建设用地利用效率的高低具有重要意义。土地是经济发展中的重要生产要素,由于土地位置的固定性使得不同地区采取不同的土地财政政策,这致使城市产出效率和全要素生产率增长存在较大差异。因此对Solow模型进行扩展,使用我国1999—2009年数据,运用Malmquist指数分析方法对城市产出效率进行了实证研究。结果表明:全国各省市全要素生产率虽都呈现出上涨的趋势,但每个省市都存在土地使用效率不高问题。通过区域划分估算全国各省市全要素生产率增长情况,并使用分位数回归法分析各地区不同的增长方式,并针对土地财政、城市产出效率与全要素生产率增长差异间存在的问题提出政策建议。

Land Finance,Urban Output Efficiency and TEP Growth Difference

In recent years,with the accelerated process of urbanization,a large number of agricultural land has been converted into urban construction land.The use efficiency of construction land can be reflected by rapid expansion of the urban area’s contribution to economic growth.This paper adopts the Solow model to analyze the local government’s land finance behavior from the perspective of soft budget constraints,and conduct an empirical research by using data from 1999 to 2009 and at the same time we use DEA(data envelopment analysis)approach to measure the urban TFP(total factor productivity) growth.Results show that 29 provinces has emerged as the rising trend of TFP,nearly all TFP growth attributes to technological progress,each province more or less having low efficiency problem.Finally,according to the estimated TFP growth,we use quantile regression to analyze different factors of TFP growth rates,such as land finance,urban output efficiency and TFP growth.