中国畜牧业高质量发展水平的空间差异与动态演进

目的 推动畜牧业高质量发展是稳秩序、保民生的现实需要，科学设计评价体系和开展测度分析是实现畜牧业高质量发展的内在要求。方法 文章依据畜牧业高质量发展内涵特征，构建涵盖绿色循环发展、供给提质增效、经营管理优化3个维度的中国畜牧业高质量发展水平评价体系，对2010—2019年全国及31省（市、自治区，不含港澳台）畜牧业高质量发展水平进行测度分析。结果 （1）2010—2019年全国畜牧业高质量发展水平提升19.20%，时间上具有向好发展态势，空间上呈现自西向东发展水平依次提高的格局；（2）全国发展水平具有空间非均衡性特征，总体发展差距持续扩大、东部地区内差距扩大态势明显、东部与西部两地区间差距最大，地区内差距是畜牧业高质量发展水平地区差距的主要来源；（3）全国畜牧业高质量发展单极化趋向逐步凸显，从长期看三大区域均存在发展差距扩大的倾向，但呈现中东部趋向多极化、西部趋向单极化的变化态势。结论 发展畜牧业应当坚持生产规模与资源环境相匹配，因地制宜构建适应高质量发展方向的生态生产型体系，积极发挥好东、中、西部地区在技术、资金、资源等生产要素方面的优势，探索种养结合、草牧一体的现代畜牧业。

SPATIAL DIFFERENCE AND DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN CHINA

Promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry is the practical need to stabilize the order and protect people''s livelihood, and scientifically designing the evaluation system and carrying out measurement analysis are the internal requirements to realize the high-quality development of animal husbandry. Based on the connotation characteristics of high-quality development of animal husbandry, this paper constructed an evaluation system of high-quality development level of animal husbandry in China covering three dimensions of green circular development, supply quality and efficiency improvement, and operation and management optimization, and measured and analyzed the high-quality development level of animal husbandry in China and 31 provinces (cities, and autonomous regions ) from 2010 to 2019. The results showed that the high-quality development level of animal husbandry in China increased by 19.20% from 2010 to 2019, which showed a trend of better development in time and a pattern of successively increasing development level from west to east in space. The development level of the whole country had the characteristics of spatial imbalance, the overall development gap continued to expand, the gap in the eastern region was obvious, and the gap between the eastern and western regions was the largest, the regional gap was the main source of the high-quality development level of animal husbandry regional gap. The single polarization trend of high-quality development of animal husbandry in China had gradually become prominent. In the long run, the development gap of the three regions had a tendency to widen, but the central and eastern regions had a trend of multi-polarization and the western regions had a trend of single polarization. Therefore, in developing animal husbandry, we should adhere to the principle of matching the scale of production with the resources and environment, build an ecological production-oriented system adapted to the direction of high-quality development according to local conditions, give full play to the advantages of production factors such as technology, capital and resources in the eastern, central and western regions, and explore a modern animal husbandry that combines planting and breeding with grass and animal husbandry.