论“生产方式”

"生产方式"一词在马克思经济学著作中的基本用法有两种:第一,指社会生产的类型或型式,第二,指社会生产的劳动方式。在讨论《资本论》研究对象时对"生产方式"一词的理解争论极大。根据马克思"生产力———生产方式———生产关系"的一贯分析原理并结合《资本论》第一卷的实际内容,"资本主义生产方式"似应理解为"资本主义劳动方式"。"劳动方式"是生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的中介体。特定的劳动方式以一定的生产力为基础,同时受到特定生产关系的制约,具有显著的社会历史特征。马克思在《资本论》研究对象中首先强调"资本主义生产方式",意味着他在研究资本主义经济时将直接生产过程中经济关系的考察放在了基础位置,把对资本主义生产方式的批判置于首位。我们应以《资本论》为范例,把劳动过程和劳动方式纳入政治经济学的研究对象。

On "Mode of Production"

The term "Mode of Production" has two meanings in Marxist works of economics: types or forms,and also means of labor in social production.There had been a hot debate over the term when discussing the subject investigated of Das Kapital.According to the consistent Marxist theory of "productivity-mode of production-relations of production",combining with Volume I of Das Kapital,"capitalist mode of production" should seemingly be interpreted as "capitalist means of labor"."Means of labor" is the intermediary of the contradictory movement between productivity and relations of production.A particular means of labor should be based upon certain productivity,restrained by certain relations of production and featured by strong social and historical prints.Marx stressed "capitalist mode of production" in analyzing the subject investigated of Das Kapital,which means,in studying capitalist economy,placing the economic relationship in direct labor process as the foundation and putting the criticism of capitalist mode of production first.We should take Das Kapital as an example,bringing labor process and means of labor into study.