日本农村养老保险制度的建设经验及启示

日本于20世纪60年代初进入了“国民皆年金”的时代，相应地农民也被纳入了社会养老保险体系当中，经过半个世纪的制度建设，日本已经建立了相对完善的农村养老保险体系，有效保障了农民的养老生活。中国农业和农村问题与日本有诸多相似之处，如农业经营都以家庭为单位、经营规模小、经营分散，农村城市化快速发展，农村人口面临老龄化等问题。日本的探索和经验积累将会为构建符合中国国情的农村养老保险制度提供有益的参考。

The Experience and Enlightenment of Japan's Pension Insurance System in Rural Areas

Japan implemented the national pension system in 1960s.Since then,the farmers have been incorporated into the social pension insurance system.After half a century of institutional development,Japan has established a relatively comprehensive rural pension insurance system,which is the effective old-age security of the farmers.China's agriculture and rural issues with Japan has many similarities,such as agricultural operations are the family as a unit,operating in small-scale,decentralized operation.With the rapid development of urbanization in China,more and more peasants in China live and work in city,rural population is faced with an aging and so on.The effort and experience in Japan to build rural old-age security system is a helpful reference for China to establish its own rural pension system.