异质性交通网络密度、劳动力流动与全要素生产率

当前研究主要关注单一类型交通基础设施对全要素生产率的影响,却普遍忽视不同类型和等级交通网络密度对全要素生产率的差异性作用以及劳动力流动在影响全要素生产率过程中扮演的角色。基于2000-2018年中国30个省市区面板数据,检验不同性质交通网络密度对全要素生产率的作用以及劳动力流动的影响,结果发现,不同类型和等级交通网络密度的提高对全要素生产率均表现出显著正向作用,其中高速铁路和高速公路的作用尤为突出,且同一性质交通网络体系的作用强度随等级降低呈下降趋势;异质性交通网络之间存在互补性,随着交通网络密度的增加,互补性逐渐减弱;异质性交通网络密度通过劳动力流动特别是研发人员流动提升全要素生产率,在不同类型和等级交通网络中的作用差异明显,作用强度随交通网络等级的降低呈下降趋势。鉴于此,地方政府未来应大力发展高速铁路和高速公路建设,在已经开通高速铁路和高速公路的城市进一步提高其网络密度。与此同时,重点关注研发人员流动在提升全要素生产率过程中所发挥的作用,通过制定相应的人才激励和优惠政策,提高福利待遇和科研经费,吸引研发人员流入,并推进户籍制度改革,取消或放松人才落户限制,全面解决人才户籍问题。

Heterogeneous Transportation Network Density,Labor Flow and Total Factor Productivity

Literature focuses on the impact of a single type of transportation infrastructure on total factor productivity,but generally ignores the impact of different types and grades of transportation network density on total factor productivity,and the role of labor mobility in the process of influencing total factor productivity. Using panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018,the author investigates the effects of different types and grades of transportation network density on total factor productivity and the impact of labor mobility on total factor productivity. The results show that:(1)the increase of transportation network density of different types and grades has a significant positive effect on total factor productivity,especially on highspeed rail and freeway,and the effect of same type transportation network system decreases with the grade reduction;(2)heterogeneous transportation networks have complementarity, with the increase of transportation network density,complementarity gradually decreases.;and(3)heterogeneous transportation network density improves total factor productivity through the mobility of labor,especially R&D personnel. The effect of labor mobility in different types and grades of transportation networks is obviously different,and the effect decreases with the grade reduction. Therefore,in the future,local governments should vigorously build high-speed railways and expressways,and further strengthen their network density in cities with high-speed railways and expressways. At the same time,the local government should focus on the role of R&D personnel mobility in the process of improving TFP,formulate talent incentive and preferential policies,improve welfare benefits and research funds,attract R&D personnel inflow,promote the reform of household registration system,cancel or relax the restrictions on talent settlement,and comprehensively solve the problem of talent household registration.