交易中所有权保留若干问题探讨

《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百三十四条首先在立法上确立了所有权保留制度。该制度以价金清偿完毕作为所有权转移的停止条件,买受人提前享有对标的物的占有和用益,出卖人以作为物权的所有权保障其价金债权。然而,我国有关所有权保留的法律规范仍缺乏体系化与可操作性,同一法律部门下的法律条文存在冲突。通过对所有权保留法律性质的考察,结合德国民法理论与我国现实立法,得出三个基本结论:(1)所有权保留法律性质为附停止条件的物权行为,能否产生物权变动的效果不影响买卖合同无条件生效。(2)担保理论仅在功能上体现了所有权保留的特征,不能替代附停止条件物权行为理论。(3)无论买受人是否行使回赎权,出卖人行使取回权则导致合同解除。

Discussion on Several Issues of Retaining Ownership in Transaction

Article 134 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China first establishes the title retention in legislation.The system regards the completion of the payment of the price as the conditions precedent for the title retention.The buyer has the possession and use of the article in advance.The seller's title retention guarantees the creditor's rights.However,China's legal norms on title retention are still lack of systematization and operability,and there are conflicts between the legal provisions of the same legal department.Through investigating the legal nature of the title retention,combining German civil law theory with China's legislation,three basic conclusions are drawn:(1)The legal nature of the o title retention is a juristic act of real right with conditions precedent,whether it can produce the effect of right in property law does not affect the unconditional entry into force of the contract.(2)Guarantee theory only embodies the characteristics of title retention in function,and cannot replace the doctrine of the property law with conditions of termination.(3)Whether the buyer exercises the right of redemption or not,the seller exercises the recall right,which leads to the termination of the contract.