Learning from strategic success and failure |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA;2. Department of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;4. Department of Urology, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany;1. Division of Sports Medicine and Hip Preservation, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.;2. Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. Saitama University, Japan;2. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Organizations facing complex, ambiguous, and dynamic environments find adaptive learning a key to survival and success. This study proposes three models of organization response in such environments: 1) A model of how aspiration levels or goals adapt over time, 2) a model of the riskiness of strategic choices made, and 3) a model of the innovativeness of search activities (R & D). In each model, the difference between performance and aspiration level is posited to be an important explanatory variable. Using the Markstrat game as a research environment, the data are consistent with all three models. |
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