Abatement and Permits when Pollution is Uncertain and Violations are Fined |
| |
Authors: | Franz Wirl Juergen Noll |
| |
Institution: | (1) Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics, University of Vienna, Brünnerstr. 72, Zimmer 123, Vienna, 1210, Austria |
| |
Abstract: | This paper considers a firm’s choice of abatement and of the number of permits if actual pollution is stochastic such that
full compliance cannot be ensured. This straightforward extension induces non-trivial and unexpected comparative static properties,
such as: permits and abatement can be either substitutes or complements, higher fines can lower the number of acquired permits
(or abatement), and higher permit prices can reduce abatement. Yet integrating these reactions into a (competitive) permit
market eliminates puzzling features. This is an additional justification of tradable permits over standards, where regulators
must cope with potentially counterproductive firm reactions.
A first version of the paper was written at the School of Finance and Economics, University of Technology, Sydney and I am
grateful for the enjoyed hospitality. I am also grateful for the valuable comments from an anonymous referee. |
| |
Keywords: | Stochastic pollution Incomplete compliance Permits and abatement Fines Permit markets |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|