城市公园绿地可达性及其提升策略研究

以东南沿海高密度典型城市福建省厦门市为例,运用网络分析法分析城市公园绿地的可达性,探讨影响城市绿地可达性的主要因素及提升策略。结果显示:第一,城市公园绿地服务面积和可达性与城市发展建设较为一致;第二,城市公园绿地不同出行交通方式可达性差异较大;第三,不同类型城市公园绿地可达性存在较大差异;第四,城市公园绿地可达性有赖于城市道路网的完善。因此,为了提升城市公共服务水平,增强城市生态、社会服务功能,提高城市各类型绿地的服务效率,进一步优化城市人居环境,提高居民生活的幸福质量,应增加城市小型公园绿地密度并均匀分布,以便提升城市公园绿地整体的可达性,重点是提升城市公园绿地步行和骑行的可达性。

Study on the Accessibility and Promotion Strategy of Urban Park Green Space

(1) Background——Accessibility refers to the possibility and distance of urban green space to provide services to the public.How to improve the accessibility of urban park green space in a planned, scientific and reasonable manner is one of the challenges faced by the development of high-density cities.(2) Methods——Taking Xiamen as the research object, referencing standards, and combining the information obtained from field research, the classification and quantity of park green space are determined.According to the “Technical Standards of Highway Engineering”(JTGB01-2014),the average speed is set to 5 km·h^(-1) for walking, 12 km·h(-1) for walking, 12 km·h^(-1) for cycling, 40 km·h(-1) for cycling, 40 km·h^(-1) for small vehicles, and 30 km·h(-1) for small vehicles, and 30 km·h^(-1) for buses.ArcGIS software is used to process the city's transportation network, green infrastructure network and other elements, and determine the nearest intersection between the entrance and exit of the park and the road as the end point.The service area ratio, service population ratio, and service overlap degree of park green space are analyzed.(3) Results——First, the service area and accessibility of urban park green space are consistent with urban development and construction.The total area of 91 urban park green space in Xiamen is 2,059.43 hm(-1) for buses.ArcGIS software is used to process the city's transportation network, green infrastructure network and other elements, and determine the nearest intersection between the entrance and exit of the park and the road as the end point.The service area ratio, service population ratio, and service overlap degree of park green space are analyzed.(3) Results——First, the service area and accessibility of urban park green space are consistent with urban development and construction.The total area of 91 urban park green space in Xiamen is 2,059.43 hm²,but the proportion of park green space is relatively low.Additionally, they are unevenly distributed in the administrative districts, which can basically meet the travel needs of the public and the population coverage of urban park green space is relatively high.Second, there are big differences in the accessibility of urban park green space with different modes of travel.The uneven distribution of urban park green space results in poor accessibility of walking and cycling, while small vehicles have the best accessibility.Third, there are big differences in the accessibility of different types of urban park green space.When the walking time reaches 30 minutes, the ratio of population served by large, medium, medium-large and small park green space will be 63.48%,72.88%,38.94%,and 53.17%,respectively.When the cycling time reaches 30 minutes, the overall service population ratio of park green space reaches 98.12%,and the medium, large, and small park green space service population ratios are 95.60%,95.22%,and 89.10% respectively.The higher the degree of overlap means that there are more park green spaces for the public to choose for leisure.When the walking time reaches 30 minutes, the service overlap of the park green space is in a state of supply balance.This is due to the small number of medium-sized park green spaces in Xiamen and the long walking routes, etc.,indicating that there is still much room for improvement in park green space services.Within 30 minutes of cycling time, the service overlaps of small, medium and large park green space were 87.70%,94.09%,and 93.72%,respectively.All of them were in a state of supply saturation.It shows that there are more small park green spaces for residents to choose for cycling.However, medium and large green space services need to be improved.Fourth, the unreachable areas of park green spaces that are not covered by the four modes of transportation in Xiamen are roughly the same as the blank areas of the urban road network, indicating that the accessibility of park green space is highly correlated with the perfection of the urban road network.(4) Conclusions and Discussions——Urban park green space is unevenly distributed.Park green space is relatively concentrated and mainly distributed in highly urbanized, densely populated, and economically developed areas.There is a certain contradiction between supply and demand.It can meet the needs of urbanization, but has poor walking and cycling accessibility, and fails to meet the residents' daily leisure needs.The distribution of park green space, road network, bus lines and slow traffic system density are the main factors that affect the accessibility of urban park green space.In view of this, three promotion strategies are proposed.(1) It is necessary to realize the reasonable distribution of urban park green space through scientific planning.(2) It is required to increase the accessibility of low-carbon travel by increasing pedestrian paths, bicycle lanes, and bus stations.(3) It is suggested to improve the management of park green space, and increase the accessibility of park green space.