社区丰富环境对城市老年人认知变动轨迹的影响

采用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查项目,收集2005、2008、2011、2014年各4531、1766、1384、1074名65~104岁城市老年人追踪数据,运用增长曲线模型,考察了城市老年人的认知能力随年龄的变化趋势以及社区丰富环境(社区组织社会活动、社区提供精神慰藉服务、社区提供医疗保健服务)对认知变动轨迹的影响。结果显示,随着年龄的增加,认知能力的下降速度越来越快。所在社区组织社会活动、提供精神慰藉服务的老人认知水平更高,认知能力的下降速度更慢,而社区医疗服务并未对城市老年人的认知变动轨迹造成显著影响。建议把握老年人认知功能的变化规律,在认知功能迅速下降之前及时干预,加强丰富环境的刺激,防止或减缓认知能力的进一步退化。

The Influences of Community-Enriched Environment on the Cognitive Trajectories of the Urban Elderly People

Using panel data of 4531,1766,1384,and 1074 urban elderly aged 65-104 years of the 2005,2008,2011 and 2014 waves from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and a growth curve model,the authors analyzed the changing trend of cognitive abilities with age of the urban elderly.The influences of community-enriched environments on cognitive abilities were also investigated.Community rich environment was defined as community organizing social activities,community providing spiritual comfort services,community providing medical care services.Results show that cognitive abilities decline rapidly as the individuals grow older.The elderly people from communities organizing social activities and providing spiritual consolation services have higher cognitive levels and slower declining speeds of cognitive abilities than the other elderly people.However,the community medical service do not have a significant impact on the cognitive trajectory of the urban elderly.An increase in the stimulation of the enriched environment is needed to prevent or slow down the degeneration of cognitive abilities.