中国畜禽粪尿肥料化利用养分平衡分析

目的]畜禽养殖污染已经对生态环境造成了严重威胁。畜禽粪污资源化利用,是习近平总书记亲自部署推动的民生实事,而畜禽粪肥还田利用是解决畜禽养殖污染问题的根本出路,也是治本之策。基于此,文章测算分析了中国不同地区畜禽粪尿肥料化利用的氮、磷养分平衡情况,有利于掌握不同地区畜禽粪尿肥料化利用的潜力,为畜禽粪尿资源高效利用提供决策支持。方法]在采用排污系数法计算我国畜禽养殖粪尿、全氮、全磷产生量的基础上,采用《畜禽粪污土地承载力测算技术指南》中区域植物粪肥养分需求量计算公式及其相关参数,计算了不同地区作物养分需求量,进而分析了全国不同地区畜禽粪尿肥料化利用氮、磷养分平衡情况。结果] 2017年我国畜禽粪尿产生量为16.25亿t,畜禽粪尿中氮、磷产生量分别为899.84万t和141.22万t;在粪肥施用比例50%,施肥养分供给占比35%、45%和55%情况下,全国平均氮、磷养分供需比均低于0.5。结论]从不同地区氮、磷养分平衡分析结果来看,我国畜禽粪尿氮、磷的消纳还有较大的空间。

ANALYSIS ON NUTRIENT BALANCE OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZING UTILIZATION IN CHINA

Livestock and poultry breeding pollution has caused a serious threat to the ecological environment. The utilization of livestock and poultry manure as a resource is a matter of livelihood that General Secretary Xi Jinping personally deployed and promoted, and the return of livestock and poultry manure to the field is the fundamental way to solve the problem of livestock and poultry pollution, and it is also a fundamental solution. Based on this, this study calculates and analyzes the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer utilization of livestock and poultry manure in different regions of China, which is conducive to grasping the potential of livestock and poultry manure fertilizer utilization in different regions, and provides decision support for the efficient utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources. The pollutant discharge coefficient method was used to calculate the amount of manure, nitrogen and phosphorus produced by livestock and poultry breeding in China, the calculation formula and related parameters of the regional plant manure nutrient requirements in the "Technical Guide for Measuring the Land Carrying Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure" were used to calculate the nutrient requirements of crops in different regions, and then the nutrient balance of nitrogen and phosphorus during the fertilizer utilization of livestock and poultry manure was analyzed in different regions of China. The results were listed as follows. In 2017, the production of livestock and poultry manure in China was 1.625 billion tons, and the production of nitrogen and phosphorus in livestock and poultry manure were 8 998.4 thousand tons and 1 412.2 thousand tons, respectively. When the proportion of manure application was 50%, and the supply of fertilization nutrients accounted for 35%, 45% and 55%, the national average supply-demand ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus was lower than 0.5. Therefore, from the analysis results of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient balance in different regions, there is still a large space for the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in livestock and poultry manure.