“国家—农民—村庄”视角下的中国农地集体化研究评述

研究目的：从国家、农民和村庄三个视角，评述国内外有关中国农地集体化的研究文献，深入探讨农地制度变迁的复杂成因与历史过程。研究方法：文献研究法。研究结果：从国家视角来看，已有研究以现代国家建设为基本脉络，将农地集体化视为一项革命性的制度安排，其成因可从国家推动集体化的原因和采取的措施来分析；从农民视角来看，已有研究关注农民的能动性，既分析了他们在情感、认知、观念和行为上的变化，也可从中见证国家治理现代化的实践探索；作为连接国家与农民的中介，村庄兼具文化上的“共同体”和利益上的“博弈场”两种属性，该视角侧重考察农地集体化的微观机制，分析各主体在文化和利益驱动下的互动关系。研究结论：集体化是准确把握我国农地制度为何坚持“集体所有”不动摇的关键，未来可从强化学科交叉、促进理论提炼，超越单一视角、寻求整体理解，以及突破方法局限、增进多元认知等方面入手，以便在更广阔的理论对话上有所提升，构建更具中国特色的理论表达。

Review on Collectivization of Farmland in China from the Perspective of State-Farmers-Villages

The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the collectivization of farmland from the perspective of state, farmers and villages, to reveal the causes and the process of the large-scale institutional change in China. The research method of literature review is employed. The results from the perspective of state indicate that the Chinese government has promoted collectivization as a social engineering. This group of literature conceives state-making as the essence of collectivization, and probes into its causes by analyzing the motivation and the measurements of the state. The results from the perspective of farmers emphasize on the subjectivity of farmers, and show the changes of their affection, cognition, ideas and behaviors. However, we can not only see how the farmers reacted to collectivization, but also witness how the state explored the way of governance modernization. As a linkage between state and farmers, villages have played the dual roles of community as well as game space. The results of this perspective contribute a lot to the mechanism of collectivization. In conclusion, collective ownership is the cornerstone of farmland institution, and collectivization helps to comprehend it. In the future research, interdisciplinary approaches, multiple perspectives and diverse methods are emphasized. In doing so, the collectivization of farmland in China can bring its critical value to the global academia.