| Abstract: | Using input-output data for 1987 and 1990, this study identifies the demographic characteristics of trade-affected workers
in U.S. manufacturing and service industries. Trade-affected workers are defined as employees in industries that experienced
a change (positive or negative) in net total (direct and indirect) trade-related employment between 1987 and 1990. For the
period 1987–1990, three industry categories were examined: (a) industries that experienced an increase in positive net trade-related
employment; (b) industries that experienced a decline in positive net trade-related employment; and (c) industries that suffered
net trade-related employment losses in both years yet experienced an improvement over the period. The study finds that, while
manufacturing industry workers in the most favorably affected industry group (i.e., group “a”) were more likely to be highly
skilled (i.e., scientists & engineers), highly educated (i.e., over four years of college education), unionized, married and
white males, corresponding service sector workers were predominantly unskilled (laborers), less educated, non-unionized, young
(i.e., aged 16–24) and male (black and white). Furthermore, the service sector was associated with greater mean trade-related
employment and output gains and lower mean employment and output losses than was the manufacturing sector.
This is a revised version of a paper presented at the Western Economic Association Internationale 69th Annual Conference,
Vancouver, British Columbia. |
