农业废弃物循环价值核算方法与案例研究

目的]以畜禽粪尿、农作物秸秆等可循环利用的农业废弃物为研究对象,以石家庄市为例,测算其农业废弃物循环价值。方法]文章将畜禽粪尿排放和农作物秸秆均折算成养分,使两种不同类型的农业废弃物以同一量纲进行核算,并运用替代市场法,根据化肥的市场价格,确定养分的折纯价格,进而测算石家庄市农业废弃物循环价值。结果](1)在时间维度上,可将石家庄市农业废弃物循环价值分为3个时期:2002—2006年为快速增长期,2007—2009年为低谷期,2010—2016年为回升—稳定—下降期,其中2016年全市农业废弃物循环价值量约为21.25亿元,占全市农业GDP的4.42%,占总GDP的0.36%,农业废弃物循环价值潜力巨大。(2)在县域尺度的空间差异上,农业废弃物循环价值与区域农业生产规模密切相关,整体上从西部山区向东部平原地带递增,在农业优势区,如藁城区和辛集市,2个区县农业废弃物循环价值均超过了2亿元,约占全市农业废弃物循环价值量的22.15%,循环价值较小的区县主要分布在不具农业发展优势的市内4区、西部山区和工业区共9个区县,这些地区农业废弃物循环价值约占全市农业废弃物循环价值量的7.86%。结论]农业废弃物具有大量循环利用价值,这成为实行农业废弃物处理和利用补贴的一大理由,也可成为计算补贴量、相关政策制定的一种依据。

RECYCLING VALUE ACCOUNTING OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE: METHOD AND CASE STUDIES

The recyclable agricultural wastes, such as livestock and poultry excrement and urine, crop straw and so on, were taken as the research objects, and the recycling value of agricultural wastes in Shijiazhuang city was calculated as an example. The nutrients were converted into manure and urine discharge from livestock and poultry and crop straw, so that two different types of agricultural wastes could be accounted for in the same dimension, and the replacement market method was used to determine the nutrient purified price according to the market price of chemical fertilizer, and then the recycling value of agricultural wastes in Shijiazhuang city was estimated. The results showed that: (1) In terms of time dimension, the recycling value of agricultural wastes in Shijiazhuang could be divided into three periods: 2002-2006 was a period of rapid growth, 2007-2009 was a period of low ebb, 2010-2016 was a period of recovery-stability-decline. In 2016, the recycling value of agricultural wastes in Shijiazhuang was about 2.125 billion yuan, accounting for 4.42% of the city''s agricultural GDP, accounting for 0.36% of the total GDP, and the potential of agricultural wastes recycling value was enormous; (2) On the spatial difference of county scale, the recycling value of agricultural wastes was closely related to the scale of regional agricultural production. As a whole, the recycling value of agricultural wastes increased from the western mountainous areas to the eastern plain areas. In agricultural dominant areas, such as Gaocheng district and Xinji city, the recycling value of agricultural wastes in both districts and counties exceeded 200 million yuan, accounting for 22.15% of the total recycling value of agricultural wastes in the whole city. The districts and counties with less recycling value were mainly distributed in four districts of the city, the western mountainous area and the industrial area without agricultural development advantage. The recycling value of agricultural wastes in this area accounted for about 7.86% of the total recycling value of agricultural wastes in the city. Agricultural waste has a large amount of recycling value, which has become a major reason for the implementation of subsidies for the treatment and utilization of agricultural waste, and also a basis for calculating the amount of subsidies and formulating relevant policies.