陕北黄土沟壑区乡村聚落空间聚集度研究

[目的]通过对生态环境较脆弱的陕北黄土沟壑区乡村聚落空间聚集分布特征及规律进行研究,以期对陕北地区完善乡村聚落功能、促进城乡一体化发展和全面乡村振兴提供科学合理的参考建议。[方法]文章运用最临近点指数判别其空间分布类型,并运用地理集中指数和地理联系率对其分布均衡程度和地理联系程度进行考量,通过核密度图进一步分析其空间分布指向,在此基础上分析空间集聚分布规律。[结果]陕北黄土沟壑区乡村聚落分布整体趋于集聚分布,且都表现出带状分布特征,主要集中在河谷平原和川台地后缘及坡麓,沿河流分布特征明显。[结论]陕北黄土沟壑区乡村聚落分布包含以米脂县、绥德县、子洲和佳县为主的榆林市密集区和以宝塔区、子长和延长为主的延安市密集区;从陕北黄土沟壑区乡村聚落整体分布来看,北部榆林市乡村聚落密度明显大于南部延安市乡村聚落密度,且形成了绥德县和宝塔区为中心的人口密集区;陕北黄土沟壑区乡村聚落可分为无定河下游地区、以窑洞为主要居住形式的黄土沟壑区和黄土沟壑区与风沙区的交界过度地带3个区域。

STUDY ON SPATIAL AGGREGATION DEGREE OF RURAL SETTLEMENT IN LOESS GULLY REGION OF NORTHERN SHAANXI PROVINCE

This research aims to study the distribution characteristics and laws of rural settlements in loess gully region of Northern Shaanxi province, so as to provide scientific and reasonable reference for improving the function of rural settlements, promoting the integration of urban and rural development and the overall development of rural areas. The nearest point index was used to distinguish the spatial distribution type, and the geographical concentration index and geographical connection rate were used to consider the distribution equilibrium and geographical connection degree, and the spatial distribution direction was further analyzed by the kernel density map. On this basis, the distribution law of spatial agglomeration was analyzed. The distribution of rural settlements in Loess Gully region of Northern Shaanxi tended to be concentrated, and all of them showed the characteristics of zonal distribution, mainly in the valley plain, the back edge of the platform and the slope, and the distribution along the river was obvious. The conclusion are showed as follows. The distribution of rural settlements in Loess Gully region of Northern Shaanxi consists of the concentrated areas of Yulin city, Baota district, Zichang and Yanchang city, mainly in Mizhi county, Suide county, Zizhou county and Jiaxian county. From the overall distribution of rural settlements in Loess Gully region of Northern Shaanxi, the density of rural settlements in Yulin city is obviously higher than that in Yan''an city in the south, and it forms a densely populated area with Suide county and Baota region as the center. The rural settlements in Loess Gully region of Northern Shaanxi can be divided into the lower reaches of Wuding River, loess gully region with cave as the main living form and the transition zone between loess gully region and wind-sand region.