龙头企业、专利投入与农业产业高质量发展研究

[目的]中共十九大报告提出实施乡村振兴战略,对中国粮食产业高质量发展和农业供给侧结构性改革有了进一步要求。小麦作为中国主要粮食作物之一,小麦产业是中国农业产业的代表性产业之一,其发展对中国粮食安全具有重要意义。以小麦产业为例,探究农业科技创新中龙头企业、专利投入与中国小麦产业发展的关系。[方法]文章基于2015—2018年的短面板数据,利用耦合协调度模型测算中国31省(市、自治区)的小麦产质量耦合协调度,解析中国小麦产业耦合协调发展的实际情况,并运用工具变量Tobit方法实证分析中国小麦产质量耦合协调度的影响因素。[结果]中国小麦产质量耦合协调度总体偏低。龙头企业数量、农业基础设施对小麦产质量耦合协调度产生显著的正向影响,地区小麦专利数量在龙头企业对小麦产业的影响中具有正向调节作用。[结论](1)中国小麦产质量耦合协调度总体上还处于较低水平;(2)在小麦产质量耦合协调度回归模型中,粮食播种面积是一个有效的工具变量,它在很大程度上决定了龙头企业选址;(3)小麦专利数量对小麦产质量耦合协调具有直接促进作用,但是这种作用不显著;(4)地区小麦专利的调节效应增强了龙头企业与小麦产质量耦合协调度的影响。

RESEARCH ON LEADING ENTERPRISES, PATENT INVESTMENT AND HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY

The report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. The high-quality development of China''s grain industry and the structural reform of the agricultural supply side are imperative. Wheat is one of the main food crops in China, and the wheat industry is one of the representative industries of China''s agricultural industry, so its development plays a unique role in China''s food security. This paper selected the wheat industry as an example to explore the relationship between leading enterprises, patent investment and the high-quality development of agricultural industry. Based on the short panel data of from 2015 to 2018, the coupling coordinative degree model was used to calculate the coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality in 31 provinces (cities, regions) of China. And the IV-Tobit model was adopted to analyze the main factors affecting the coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality. The results showed that the level of coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality was generally low in China. The number of leading enterprises and the agricultural infrastructure had a significant positive impact on the coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality. The number of wheat patents had a positive effect on the coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality, but the effect was not significant. The number of regional wheat patents had positive adjustment effect on the influence of leading enterprises on the coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality. The main conclusions are showed as follows. Firstly, the coupling coordination degree of wheat quantity-quality is in low class, and the development of the wheat quantity and quality is uncoordinated. Secondly, the grain sown area is an effective instrument variable for estimating the regression model of the coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality, because it determines the location of leading enterprises. Thirdly, the number of regional wheat patents could promote the coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality, but the effect is not significant. Finally, the adjustment effect of regional wheat patents strengthens the influence of the leading enterprises on coupling coordinative degree of wheat quantity-quality.