乡村生态振兴成效评价指标体系构建研究——基于江苏省、浙江省、安徽省的对比

目的]乡村生态振兴是乡村振兴的重要方面,构建乡村生态振兴成效评价体系有利于衡量乡村生态振兴程度,甄别制约因素,并为乡村生态尽快振兴指明方向。方法]文章以江苏、浙江、安徽3省为研究对象,基于PSR (压力—状态—响应)模型,构建了包含三大子系统、24项指标的乡村生态振兴成效评价体系。采用熵权法确定具体指标权重以及各子系统权重,并采用熵权TOPSIS法对3省的乡村生态振兴成效分层面和整体进行评价比较和等级判定。结果](1)乡村生态环境状态系统对评价乡村生态振兴成效的重要程度最高,压力系统次之,响应系统最末。畜禽养殖、地下水资源量、当年造林面积分别对三大系统评价有较大影响。(2)在考察期内,从各子系统看,浙江乡村生态环境状态达到良好水平,在压力和响应层面的表现达到中等水平;江苏在压力、状态、响应系统方面的成效都为中等水平;安徽在压力、响应系统方面表现达到中等水平,但在状态系统方面表现较差。(3)总体上,浙江乡村生态振兴成效达到优秀水平,江苏为中等水平,安徽为较差水平。结论] 3省在各层面各有优劣,主要差距集中在状态系统层面,但总体上江苏与安徽在乡村生态振兴方面仍有较大的进步空间。构建的乡村生态振兴评价指标体系具有一定的科学性和可行性。各省应从自身薄弱环节出发,加强资源保护、污染治理、基础设施建设,以推进乡村生态振兴。

ESTABLISHING AN EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE EFFECT OF RURAL ECOLOGICAL REVITALIZATION

Rural ecological revitalization is important for rural revitalization. Establishing an evaluation system is important for measuring the effect of rural ecological revitalization, identifying the constraints, and pointing out the direction for improving rural ecology. In this study, we took Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui as examples and developed an evaluation system for measuring the effect of rural ecological revitalization with 24 indexes selected from three subsystems based on the PSR (pressure-state-response) model. And entropy weight method was used to determine the weight of specific indexes and each subsystem. Entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to systematically and holistically evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the effect rural ecological revitalization in the three chosen provinces. The results were listed as follows. (1) The state system of rural ecological environment was the most important system to evaluate the effect of rural ecological revitalization, followed by the pressure system and the response system. Livestock and poultry breeding, groundwater resources and afforestation area for the year had the greatest impact on the evaluation of the three subsystems.(2) During the study period, in each subsystem, Zhejiang province reached a high level in the state of rural ecological environment, and its performance in the pressure and response system reached a medium level; Jiangsu province achieved a medium level in the three subsystems respectively; Anhui province achieved a medium level in the pressure and response system, but its performance in the state system was poor.(3) Overall, the effect of rural ecological revitalization in Zhejiang province was excellent, Jiangsu province was at the medium level, and Anhui province was at the poor level. In summary, the three provinces have their own advantages and disadvantages in three subsystems, and the main gap among the three provinces is on the state system. But in general, there is still much room for improvement in rural ecological revitalization between Jiangsu and Anhui. The evaluation index system constructed for measuring rural ecological revitalization has reached acceptable reliability and validity and proved to be feasible. The results also offer some suggestions for the three provinces to improve their own weaknesses, and strengthen resource protection, pollution control and infrastructure construction to promote the revitalization of rural ecology.