湘西州典型乡村聚落景观空间分异特征及驱动因素分析

目的]乡村聚落景观是乡村景观的重要组成部分,乡村聚落景观的规划设计对乡村生态文明建设乃至可持续发展具有重要意义。方法]文章基于175个典型乡村聚落景观研究样本,借助Google Earth与ArcGIS10.2,采用最邻近指数、地理集中指数等5种地理研究模型,分析湘西州典型乡村聚落景观的空间分布特征。并从聚落景观生态价值、社会价值、文化价值及经济价值等4个层面,构建包括18个指标在内的乡村聚落景观评价指标体系,对湘西州175个典型乡村聚落景观质量展开评价。结果]湘西州175个乡村聚落景观总体呈集聚分布,且主要分布在中部和西部。农村常住人口和总产值与乡村聚落景观个数之间的地理联系率分别为81.6和80.5,乡村聚落景观的分布与经济规模和人口规模存在较紧密关联。质量评价发现,聚落质量评价分值为7.01,处于中等偏上的水平。通过对乡村聚落景观驱动因素进行分析,进一步说明聚落景观的分布与人口、经济、交通密切相关。结论]湘西州乡村聚落景观空间分异呈现生态价值与社会价值高、文化价值与经济价值低,以及中西部集聚的特点,应稳固现有乡村聚落景观建设成效,并注重发展乡村旅游经济、现代农业经济。

ANALYSIS ON THE SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION CHARACTERISTICS AND DRIVING FACTORS OF TYPICAL RURAL SETTLEMENT LANDSCAPE IN XIANGXI PREFECTURE

The rural settlement landscape is an important part of the rural landscape. The planning and design of the rural settlement landscape is of great significance to the construction of rural ecological civilization and even sustainable development. Based on 175 typical rural settlement landscape research samples, with the help of Google Earth and ArcGIS 10.2, five geographic research models including the nearest neighbor index and geographic concentration index were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the typical rural settlement landscape in Xiangxi prefecture. And from the four levels of settlement landscape ecological value, social value, cultural value and economic value, a rural settlement landscape evaluation index system including 18 indicators was constructed to evaluate the landscape quality of 175 typical rural settlements in Xiangxi prefecture. The results showed that the overall landscape of 175 rural settlements in Xiangxi prefecture was concentrated and distributed mainly in the central and western regions. The geographical connection rates between the rural permanent population and total output value and the number of rural settlement landscapes were 81.6 and 80.5, respectively. The distribution of rural settlement landscapes was closely related to economic scale and population scale. The quality evaluation found that the settlement quality evaluation score was 7.01, which was in the upper middle level. By analyzing the driving factors of the rural settlement landscape, it further showed that the distribution of the settlement landscape was closely related to population, economy, and transportation. Summarily, the spatial differentiation of rural settlement landscapes in Xiangxi prefecture presents high ecological and social values, low cultural and economic values, and central and western agglomeration. The effectiveness of the existing rural settlement landscape construction should be stabilized, and the development of rural tourism economy and modern agricultural economy should be emphasized.