基于产量比系数的寒地黑土区耕地等别研究

[目的]针对黑龙江省采用县内农作物最高产量计算的产量比系数进行耕地质量分等,出现水田等别低于旱地等别这一不合理现象,研究不同计算方式下的产量比对分等结果的影响,使其等别合理化。[方法]文章以富锦市为研究区,水稻作为基准作物,水稻、玉米和大豆作为指定作物,分别以二级区最高单产和农作物光温生产潜力指数计算产量比系数,对比产量比系数调整前后旱地和水田等别分布及变化情况。[结果]用二级区农作物最高产量计算产量比系数,旱地自然质量等别为6～8等,水田自然质量等别为4～5等,仍出现水田等别低于旱地等别的现象;用农作物光温生产潜力指数计算产量比系数,与原有分等结果相比,旱地等别下降1～2个等,水田等别未发生变化,未出现水田等别低于旱地等别的情况,分等结果符合富锦市的实际情况。[结论]寒地黑土区应采用农作物光温生产潜力指数计算产量比系数,理论上为《规程》修订和第三次全国土地调查提供支持,实践上为黑龙江省以及整个寒地黑土区的耕地质量分等工作提供参考依据。

STUDY ON GRADE OF CULTIVATED LAND IN COLD REGION OF BLACK SOIL BASED ON YIELD RATIO COEFFICIENT

To address the unreasonable phenomenon that the yield ratio coefficient, which is calculated using the highest yield of crops in the county for arable land quality grading in Heilongjiang province, appears to be lower than the dryland grade, this paper studies the effect of yield ratio on grading results under different calculation methods to rationalize the grade. Having selected Fujin City as the study area, taken rice as the criterion crop, and opted rice, corn and soybean as the appointment crops, the yield ratio coefficient was calculated by the highest yield in the secondary area and the solar and temperature potential productivity of the crop, respectively, to compare the distribution and changes of dryland and paddy land grades before and after yield ratio coefficient adjustment. The results of the study showed that the yield ratio coefficient was calculated from the highest yield of crops in the secondary area. The natural quality grade of dry land was 6~8, the natural quality grade of paddy fields was 4~5, and the phenomenon that paddy fields and other fields were lower than dry land, and the phenomenon was still present. This paper calculated the yield ratio coefficient by using the crop solar and temperature potential productivity index. Compared with the original grading results, the dry land should be reduced by 1~2 grade, and the paddy field should not change. There was no situation such as paddy field quality lower than dry land. The results of the grading were in line with the actual situation in Fujin city. In conclusion, the cold land black soil area should use the crop solar and temperature potential productivity index to calculate the yield ratio coefficient. In theory, it provides support for the revision of the regulations and the third national land survey. In practice, it provides a reference basis for the quality grading work in Heilongjiang province and the entire cold land black soil region.