江西省农业区位优势的空间分异及形成机制研究

目的]研究农业区位优势空间分异及形成机制,对制定区域农业发展规划及相关政策具有一定的指导意义,这将有利于区域农业的健康可持续发展。方法]文章基于2012—2017年的统计数据,以江西省11个地级市为研究样本,利用区位熵指数衡量江西省农业产业相对集中度的空间分异特征,进而反映各地区农业相对区位优势,并利用经济增长函数分解区位熵指数,构建了综合考察产业要素投入、技术和市场化水平以及区域综合发展水平等4类影响因素的计量分析模型和面板数据库,由此探究江西省农业相对区位优势空间分异的形成机制。结果](1) 2012—2017年度江西省各地级市农业专业化程度处于相对稳定的状态,其中赣州、吉安、宜春、抚州和上饶为农业具有相对区位优势的区域。从绝对优势视角看,南昌等地区的农业发展在区位和经济总体发展程度上均具有绝对优势,但该文立足于相对优势视角,从产业规模相对集中度的切入点,观察各地区农业经济相对优势,试图更全面和深入地透视各地区农业经济的内生增长动力和发展潜质。(2)农业劳动力和资本等投入因素,以及地区经济国际化和人口城镇化水平对农业区位优势都形成显著的正向影响。(3)农业现代化和市场化水平,以及交通通达度对地区一体化和产业融合的影响比对农业产业本身影响更大,使这些因素对各地区农业区位熵指数的影响呈现为负向,即对农业产生分散的净效应,但同时,农业区位集中的地区受这种分散作用要显著小于区位非集中地区,显示了集中区仍具有相对的产业优势。(4)农业财政扶持力度的影响存在组别差异,对于农业区位相对集中的地区,农业财政投入对区位优势具有正向影响,而农业相对非集中地区,则受到投入相对集中度的正向影响。结论]对于农业区位具有明显优势的地区,政府可通过加强农业产业方面的政策引导,突破原有生产规模的限制,推动农业产业的提升。对于劣势地区,通过完善农田基础设施、扩大生产规模、完善交通基础设施建设、提高整体发展水平。

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND FORMATION MECHANISM OF AGRICULTURAL REGIONAL ADVANTAGE IN JIANGXI PROVINCE

The research on the spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of agricultural location advantages has certain guiding significance for the formulation of regional agricultural development plans and related policies, and it will be beneficial to the healthy and sustainable development of regional agriculture. Based on the statistical data from 2012 to 2017, 11 prefecture-level regions in Jiangxi province were used as research samples, and the locational entropy index was used to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of agricultural location advantages in the province, and the economic growth function was used to decompose the location entropy index, then a quantitative analysis model and panel database for comprehensively examining the four effects of inputs of production factors, technology, marketization level and regional development were constructed, so as to explore the mechanism of agricultural location advantage in Jiangxi province. The results of the study were listed as follows. (1) The degree of agricultural specialization in various regions of Jiangxi province was relatively stable from 2012 to 2017, among which Gangzhou, Ji''an, Yichun, Fuzhou and Shangrao were regions with relative location advantages for agriculture. (2) Input factors such as agricultural labor and capital, as well as regional economic internationalization and population urbanization had a significant positive impact on agricultural location advantages. (3) The level of agricultural modernization and marketization, as well as the impact of traffic accessibility had a greater impact on regional and industrial integration than on the agricultural industry itself, so the impact of these factors on the agricultural location entropy index in each region was negative, that was, there was a net effect of dispersion on agriculture, but at the same time, the effects on the concentration regions were significantly less than that of non-concentrated regions, indicating that the concentration regions still had relative advantages. (4) There were group differences in the impact of agricultural financial support. For relatively concentrated regions, agricultural public expenditure had a positive impact on location advantages. In summary, for areas with obvious advantages in agricultural location, the government can promote the improvement of the agricultural industry by strengthening policy guidance in the agricultural industry, breaking through the limitations of the original production scale. For inferior areas, it can improve farmland infrastructure, expand production scale, and improve transportation infrastructure construction, so as to improve overall development level.