土地整治功能分区及其整治方向研究

[目的]土地整治的目标开始由注重"新增耕地"向注重"区域功能"转变,土地整治内涵由此得到延伸。同时,也迫切需要推进以提升区域功能为导向的土地整治分区研究。[方法]文章针对我国土地整治分区管理的需求,基于我国地理环境的背景差异及地域功能的定位、土地整治内涵的演变,运用要素加权叠加法、空间聚类分析法和专家经验判断法与区划对比分析法等开展土地整治功能分区。[结果]该文构建并提出了以功能导向为核心的土地整治分区体系和方案,将我国土地整治按地域功能划分为:(1)以生态修复、保护和建设为主的生态功能保育区,(2)以基本农田建设、农地开发整理、提高区域耕地的生产能力为主的粮食安全保障功能区,(3)以城乡用地统筹整治、城市用地内部挖掘为主的经济发展支持功能区,(4)以划定保护区、保护性建设为主的景观文化维护功能区等4种类型区,进一步结合东北平原区、华北平原区、黄土高原区等12个地理空间单元,组合为61个土地整治功能一级分区。在此基础上,评价一级功能区内各县域单元土地整治功能,识别出景观文化维护功能、粮食安全保障功能、生态建设功能、生态保护功能、城镇发展优化功能和城镇发展集聚功能,续分土地整治功能二级分区即各县域的土地整治功能。[结论]基于功能导向的土地整治分区反映了区域功能及其关系对土地整治分区的引导作用,为分区管控和引导提供了科学依据,这对提升区域功能和加强土地利用功能的联系和互动起到重要的作用。

STUDY ON LAND CONSOLIDATION FUNCTION ZONING AND ITS CONSOLIDATION DIRECTION

At present, the key goal of land consolidation begins to shift from the "newly added arable land" to the "regional function", thus extending the connotation of land consolidation. As an important work of land consolidation planning and design, the theory and method of land consolidation zoning based on improving regional function are urgently needed. According to the requirements of land consolidation and zoning management in China, based on the background differences of geographical environment, the positioning of regional functions and the evolution of land consolidation connotation, the methods of factors weighted superposition, spatial clustering analysis, expert experience judgment and regionalization comparison were applied to carry out land consolidation function zoning. Therefore, a functional oriented zoning system and scheme for land consolidation were constructed and put forward, and according to regional function, the land consolidation in China was divided into four types: (1)Ecological function conservation areas with ecological restoration, protection and construction. (2)Food security guarantee function with build basic farmland, develop and consolidate farmland, and improve the productivity of regional cultivated land. (3)Economic development support functions with urban and rural land management, urban land internal excavation. (4)Landscape culture maintenance function with delimit protection areas and protect construction. Combining with the 12 geographical spatial unit such as northeast plain, the north China plain and Loess plateau area, to form 61 first-level land consolidation functions. On this basis, the land consolidation function of each county in the first-level functional area was evaluated, and identify the function of landscape culture maintenance, the function of food security, the function of ecological construction, the function of ecological protection, the function of town development optimization and the function of urban agglomeration development were identified. after that, conducting the subdivision of land consolidation secondary function namely the land consolidation function of each county. It concludes that this research could provide a scientific basis for the zoning control and guidance of land consolidation in China. Land consolidation zoning of functional oriented reflects the guiding role of regional functions and their relations on land consolidation zoning, which plays an important role in enhancing regional functions and strengthening the connection and interaction of land use functions.