渔业配额捕捞的制度构成及解析

渔业配额捕捞制度主要由TAC设定、分配配额、交易机制、监管措施等层面构成。其中，TAC设定主要由锁定目标鱼种、求取MSY、确立TAC三个层面构成；分配配额主要由配额发放对象和分配方法两个层面构成；交易机制则由参与交易的主体和客体、交易场所以及反垄断措施等层面构成；监管环节包括渔船监测系统、观察员制度、捕捞日志等措施手段。结合发达渔业国实践经验，通过对制度各层面的剖析，希冀为我国配额捕捞的启动实施提供有益参考。’

Institutional composition and analysis for fishing quotas

As typical output control management tools fishing quota system mainly includes set TAC, quota allocation, trading mechanisms, and regulatory measures and other supporting measures, etc. Among them, the scientific setting TAC is a prerequisite for maintaining effective operation of the system, constituted by the three levels： setting the target species, determine MSY, set TAC. Quota allocation includes two levels： allocation object and allocation method. Trading mechanisms include the subject and object of transactions, trading venues and anti-monopoly measures, etc. Regulatory aspects include vessel monitoring system, observer system, fishing logs and registration regulatory, etc. By analyzing every aspect of fishing quotas, combined with the practical experience of developed fishing nations, we could provide a useful reference for our fisheries management in the future.