改革开放四十年的农业科技体制改革

中国农业科技改革历经恢复期、市场化改革探索期、改革深化期和创新体系建立期四个阶段,改革的成效斐然,科技创新体系初具规模,农业科技资金来源渠道多样化,农业科技资源投入数量和结构逐渐合理,农业科技创新产出水平不断提高,农推体系多点覆盖。改革累积了成功经验,顶层设计需遵循农业科技本身的特点,改革的动力来自于"政府主导、需求倒逼"双重驱动,在"渐进式"改革中实现了"先破再立"。农业科技体制仍存在政府和市场的主导作用扭曲,农业科技资源配置结构失衡,科技创新绩效水平薄弱,农业科技创新激励机制导向偏颇等弊端。下一步需建立"政府有为,市场有效"的农业创新体制,强化农业科技创新联盟构建,优化平衡农业科技资源配置,建立平台化农技推广和成果转化体制,重构农业科技创新激励机制。

The Significance and the Next Step of the Reform of Agricultural Science and Technology System during Forty Years of Reform and Opening up

The agricultural science and technology reform has undergone four stages of restoring the reform period,the marketization reform exploration period,the reform deepening period and the independent innovation. The reforms have achieved remarkable results which the science and technology innovation system has been basically established,the sources of agricultural science and technology funds have been diversified,the quantity and structure of agricultural science and technology resources have gradually become reasonable,and the output level of agricultural science and technology innovation has continuously improved. Agricultural promotion system is multi-point coverage. The reform has accumulated successful experience such as the top-level design needs to follow the characteristics of agricultural science and technology itself,the driving force for reform comes from the dual drive of"government-led,demand-forced ",and "breaking first and then re-establishing " in the "gradual "reform. It left behind the dislocation of policy tools,the lack of legal and institutional supporting systems and other deficiencies. The agricultural science and technology system still has the leading role of government and market distortion,the imbalance of agricultural science and technology resource allocation structure,the weak performance level of science and technology innovation,and the bias of agricultural science and technology innovation incentive mechanism. Finally,it proposes to stablish an agricultural innovation system that"governs are promising and the market is effective",optimize the allocation of balanced agricultural science and technology resources,establishes platform-based agricultural technology promotion and achievement transformation system,and reconstructs the deep reform proposals for agricultural science and technology innovation incentive mechanism.