| Abstract: | Assisted reproductive technologies have transformed fertility options, providing more autonomy and precision while also sparking ethical dilemmas. Regulatory approaches vary worldwide: the US leans towards permissiveness, Germany prioritizes strict regulation, and the UK adopts a balanced approach, harmonizing medical progress with ethical norms. This article aims to address real-world controversies and establish universal legal principles. Firstly, in disputes over embryo ownership, safeguarding their unique interests is crucial in conflicts involving donors and medical facilities. It''s vital to avoid compelling unwilling parties into a parental role. Secondly, explicit prior consent is indispensable for posthumous sperm use. When dealing with the reproductive desires of incarcerated individuals, maintaining prison order can offset claims to reproductive rights based on proportionality. Thirdly, third-party sperm or egg donation introduces external genetic factorss, mandating spousal consent and rigorous oversight of genetic sources, with a critical distinction between children with three genetic parents and designer babies. Lastly, in the realm of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, a delicate balance between eugenics and therapeutic benefits needs to be struck, along with restrictions on non-medical gender selection. |
