基于公平原则的航空公司碳排放配额分配研究

民航碳排放问题因增速快、减排困难等原因，受到全球的广泛关注。将民航业纳入碳市场，不仅可以促进技术创新，还能加快实现“双碳”目标。在此背景下，基于公平原则对中国航空公司碳排放配额的分配进行研究，为建立中国民航碳市场提供理论基础。结合祖父原则和支付能力原则的利弊，构建多目标规划模型，并以10家较有影响力的航空公司为例进行分配。结果表明，中国航空公司若要达到民航“十四五”发展规划要求还需采取一定的减排措施。

Research on the Carbon Emission Allowance Allocation for Airlines in China Based on the Principles of Equity

The issue of carbon emissions from civil aviation has received extensive global attention because of its rapid growth rate and difficulty in reducing emissions. Incorporating civil aviation into the carbon market not only promotes technological innovation, but also accelerates the realisation of the dual-carbon goal. In this context, the allocation of carbon emission allowances to Chinese airlines is studied based on the fairness principle to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of the Chinese civil aviation carbon market. Combining the pros and cons of the grandfather principle and the ability-to-pay principle, a multi-objective planning model is constructed, and ten more influential airlines are used as examples for allocation. The results show that Chinese airlines need to make certain emission reduction measures if they want to meet the requirements of the 14th Five-Year Development Plan of Civil Aviation.