Intellectual property rights: Changing levels of protection under GATT NAFTA and the EU |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;2. Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Unidade 1, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;3. Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit, University of Coimbra, Polo 1, First floor, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;1. Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;2. Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;3. Social and Health Center, City of Varkaus, Savontie 55, 78300 Varkaus, Finland;4. Department of Pediatrics, North-Karelia Central Hospital, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210 Joensuu, Finland;5. Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland;6. Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;7. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;8. Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit (KMRU), University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;9. Department of Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;10. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;11. Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Haapaniementie 16, 70100 Kuopio, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Revisions in the laws protecting intellectual rights have occurred across the board in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Chaudhry and Walsh focus on the eurrent problem of patent piracy in the pharmaceutical industry and the effect these changes have on this sector. |
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