产业集聚与地区间劳动生产率差异

本文从产业集聚、劳动生产率、地区差距相互的紧密联系出发,认为非农产业规模报酬递增地方化是产业集聚的源泉,并提高了该区域劳动生产率,进而对地区差距产生了持久的影响。利用中国2004年地级城市和副省级城市的数据,我们发现大陆地区非农产业劳动生产率对非农就业密度的弹性系数为8.8%左右,高于现阶段欧美国家5%左右的水平。同时这一集聚效应在省际之间有存在差异和没有差异两种情况,在非农产业分布极不平衡的情况下,这都扩大了劳动生产率在各省之间的趋异,将地区差距维持在较高的水平上。

Industrial Agglomeration and Difference of Regional Labor Productivity:Chinese Evidence with International Comparison

Based on the close relationship of industrial agglomeration,labor productivity and regional inequality,this paper holds that locally increasing returns is the source of industrial agglomeration,which improving regional labor productivity and deeply affecting regional inequality.Using data of 261 cities in 2004,I find that the estimated elasticity of(average)labor productivity with respect to employment density is about 8.8 percent in China,compared to 5 percent in the US and 4.5 percent in the EU.Further,I find that the difference of agglomeration effect among provinces exists two cases:no difference and significant difference.However,under the polarization of industrial location,both two cases enlarge the divergence of labor productivity among provinces,and keep the high level of regional inequality.