关于市场均衡论的反论与反思

研究发现，古典主义经济学乃至新古典主义经济学所奉行的市场均衡模型（包括一般均衡和局部均衡）并非白璧无瑕，关于这一模型的经典著述中隐含着许多反论,而右下斜(斜率为负)的供给曲线以及右上斜(斜率为正)的需求曲线是这些反论的核心。这些反论促成了如下反思：供给价格不等于边际成本；供给表并非来自实践，而是来自传统供给法则的主观拟断；边际收益递减并不决定供给曲线的右上扬，相反倒决定了供给曲线的右下斜趋势，而边际收益递增则决定了供给曲线右上斜的趋势。以上反思得出一个基本结论：市场均衡模型并非马歇尔的那个交叉，真实的模型中至少应当包含着右下斜的供给曲线和右上斜的需求曲线。

Some Paradoxes and Introspection toward Market Equilibrium

This paper indicates: the market equilibrium model proposed by classical and neoclassical economics(including general equilibrium and partial ones) are not faultless.There are some paradoxes with the existing market equilibrium model.The supply curve sloping down to the right(negative slope) and the demand curve sloping up to the right(positive slope),are the key points of the paradoxes.These paradoxes induce some considerations below: first,the supply price is not equal to the marginal cost;second,there is no evidence that Marshall’s supply schedule comes from market reality;third,as a pattern of the supply curve sloping up to the right cannot be determined by marginal revenue decrease,on the contrary,marginal revenue decrease leads the supply curve down to the right.Hence the conclusion: market equilibrium model is quite different from Marshall’s cross,the real model should contain a supply curve with negative slope and demand curve with positive slope.