城镇化的双重失衡与户籍制度改革

我国当前的城镇化面临着双重失衡，即不同规模城市发展水平的失衡和城市内部户籍与非户籍人口分享城市福利的失衡。本文认为，由于城市中存在许多不依赖于户籍身份的福利，在不同城市发展水平存在巨大差距的条件下，大城市中即使是非户籍居民的福利水平也高于小城市户籍居民的福利水平，剥离城市户籍福利含义的单一改革政策会造成外来人口向大城市进一步集中，最终导致大城市户籍控制加剧，使改革政策具有无效性。因此，应当改变单一地消除城市内部户籍与非户籍居民享受城市福利失衡的改革政策取向，转而致力于缩小不同规模城市经济社会发展水平的失衡。

THE DUAL UNBALANCE OF URBANIZATION AND REFORM OF HUKOU SYSTEM

China’s urbanization has been facing a dual unbalanced problem. That is, the unbalance of development level in different cities and the unbalance of welfare distribution between Hukou and non Hukou citizens in cities. We suggest that as much of urban welfare is independent to Hukou, given the large gap of the development between big cities and small cities, even the non Hukou citizens in big cities can enjoy more welfare than Hukou citizens in small cities. The reform policy, which narrow the welfare gap between Hukou and non Hukou citizens only results in more and more population gathering in big cities. It finally leads to retightening the Hukou regulation, and the reform is ineffective. As a result, the government should convert the policy, which aims to narrow the unbalance of welfare distribution between Hukou and non Hukou citizens, to the one that narrow the unbalance of development level in different cities in the first place.