初次收入分配与技术进步——基于马克思主义经济学的视角

生产力概念的深化对于马克思主义的发展非常重要,考察初次收入分配与技术进步之间的关系是一个可行的切入点。在税收收入占比保持不变的情况下,劳动收入占比的下降意味着资本收入占比的上升。劳动收入占比的下降缩小了消费市场规模而抑制技术进步(消费效应),资本收入占比的提高使得企业技术投资面临更少的融资约束而促进技术进步(融资效应),初次收入分配与技术进步之间可能呈现出无关、线性或者倒U型关系,其具体关系要视消费效应和融资效应的相对强弱而定。基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析发现,中国初次收入分配与技术进步之间的关系呈现出倒U型关系,存在一个最有利于技术进步的初次收入分配格局,意味着当前需要同时保护劳动和资本的权利。

Initial Income Distribution and Technological Progress: Based on Marxist Economics

In order to deeply understand the concept of productivity,which is very important to the development of Marxism,it’s better to select the relationship between initial income distribution and technological progress as an entry point for the analysis.If tax income share remains constant,labor income share’s decreasing will equal the capital income share’s increasing.While the declining of labor income share narrows the scale of the consumer market and inhibits technological progress(consumption effect),the increasing of the capital income share will make the enterprise technology investment face fewer financing constraints and accelerate the technological developing progress(financing effect).Therefore the relationship between initial income distribution and technology developing progress may be unrelated,linear or inverted U-shaped,which depends on the relative strength of consumption effects and financing effects.From an empirical analysis of China’ s provincial panel data,the paper verifies that initial income distribution and technological progress present an inverted U-shaped relationship,with a most conducive initial pattern of income distribution to technological progress,which makes it better to protect the rights of both capital and labor at present.