南方平原河网区城市内涝的全过程监测与特征分析

南方平原河网区中普遍存在由堤防、闸坝以及泵站形成的高度城镇化圩区，圩区内受降雨过程和泵站启闭影响的城市内涝特征和模拟方法仍有待探索。本文以常州市城市产汇流与内涝实验基地为对象进行了降雨、管道及河道水位流量等全过程长期监测，并通过布设水位计和视频监控设备进行城市内涝积水深度和范围自动监测。监测数据表明圩区内管网和河道流动性很差，管网长期处于淹没状态，监测期间管道水深有75%时间大于0.76 m;在检查井未发生溢流冒水现象时，仍然会发生内涝积水且主要集中在雨篦子周围道路低洼处，其深度和范围主要受到降雨过程、地形、雨篦子收水能力和泵站启闭的影响；开启泵站在增大管网排水能力的同时也在一定程度上削减了内涝积水范围。因此，根据降雨预报与内涝积水实时监测信息及时调控圩区水位可以有效缓解内涝积水情况，在模拟城市内涝时也不应忽略雨篦子收水能力和泵站启闭对内涝过程的影响；本研究可为构建城市内涝全过程在线监测平台提供参考，也能为城市内涝过程的概化模拟方法提供依据。

Monitoring and characterization of the entire urban flooding process in the typical southern plain river network area

In the southern plain river network area,there are highly urbanized polder areas formed by dikes,gates,and pumping stations,but the characteristics and simulation methods of urban flood inundation in polder areas affected by rainfall processes and pumping stations have yet to be investigated.In this paper,the entire process of longterm monitoring of rainfall,pipe and river water level and flow were carried out at the experimental field of urban runoff and flood in Changzhou.Additionally,the depth and extent of urban flood inundation are monitored automatically by deploying water level meters and video monitoring equipment.The monitoring data indicates that the fluidity of the pipe and river in the polder area is very poor,the pipe is submerged for an extended period of time,and the pipe''s water depth is greater than 0.76 m with 75% of the time during the monitoring period.Urban flood inundation still occurs when manholes do not overflow and are not surcharged;it is concentrated in lowlying areas of the road,and its depth and scope are primarily influenced by precipitation,terrain,grate inlet,and pumping station.The opening of the pumping station increases the drainage capacity of the pipe and mitigates urban flooding to some degree.Consequently,based on the rainfall forecast and real-time monitoring data of the river,pipe network,and waterlogging,timely regulation of the water level in the polder area can effectively alleviate flood inundation.Neither the impact of grate inlet collection capacity nor pumping station should be overlooked in the flood inundation simulation.The study can serve as a guide for constructing an online monitoring platform for the entire urban flooding process,as well as a basis for the urban flood inundation process generalization.