Racial Differences in Civic Participation and Charitable Giving: The Confounding Effects of Educational Attainment and Unmeasured Ability |
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Authors: | Eleanor Brown Rosanna Smart |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Economics, Pomona College, 425 N. College Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, USA;(2) Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA |
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Abstract: | In this paper we use human capital theory to follow the links from educational attainment to civic engagement, and to other
pro-social behaviors such as charitable giving and volunteering, and in so doing we offer a cautionary explanation for observed
racial differences in civic participation, giving, and volunteering. Our argument is that when, in a racialized society such
as the U.S., the costs and benefits of education differ by race, and when innate ability is an unmeasured source of heterogeneity
across individuals, controlling for educational attainment and not for ability will create spurious race effects in empirical
studies of behaviors that depend on both education and ability. Because (1) blacks at any level of educational attainment
are predicted to be of higher average ability than equally educated whites and (2) higher ability is associated with higher
levels of civic participation, a regression of civic participation on educational attainment and race will produce a positive
coefficient on the dummy variable that takes on a value of one if the subject is African American. Using data from the Social
Capital Community Benchmark Survey, we find strong support for the interpretation of race effects as spurious artifacts of
having included data on educational attainment without measures of innate ability. |
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Keywords: | Race Education Human capital Civic participation Charitable giving Volunteering Social capital |
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