论产品碳标识与GATT之间的关系

根据认证主体的不同，可将产品碳标识认证分为政府部门主导和民间机构主导两大类。前者属于GATT的调整范围，但并不当然地违背GATT国民待遇和最惠国待遇原则。如果WTO成员方能在实施手段和方法上多加注意，那么是可以避免与GATT义务产生冲突的。后者虽然属于私人行为，但并非绝对游离在GATT体制之外。如果从事产品碳标识认证的民间机构实际上是听命于政府，且对政府有较强的依赖性，那么该民间机构所从事的产品碳标识认证就应当被认定为政府行为，从而受制于GATT。

On the Relationship Between Products with Carbon Label and GATT

Product carbon labeling can be divided into two types in accordance with the institution in charge of it. One is conducted by the government, and the other is conducted by non-governmental bodies. The former falls within the scope of GATT but is not necessarily inconsistent with the Most-Favored-Nation Treatment principle and National Treatment principle. Its conflict with GATT rules could be avoided if the WTO Member pays special attention to the implementation methods. Although the latter appears to be private action, it does not necessarily fall outside the scope of GATT. If the non-governmental body is actually controlled by the government, the private action of carbon label certification should be deemed to be governmental action so as to fall within the scope of GATT.