重庆市低山丘陵区农村居民点分布格局及其影响因素

农村居民点分布格局是研究农村居民点自组织演化规律的重要内容,在一定程度上反映了人类活动与自然环境的相互作用。以研究区1∶2000土地利用现状图、地形图等资料为基础,以ArcGIS 9.3为技术平台,结合景观分析软件Fragstats3.3,选取表征农村居民点用地、规模、形状和分布的11个景观指数指标,应用空间分析法和景观指数分析法,分析了重庆市低山丘陵区农村居民点分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明:①自然条件是影响农村居民点分布格局的重要因素。随着海拔和坡度的不断增加,农村居民点用地面积和平均规模呈现出相对递减的趋势,且分布在阳坡上的多于阴坡。②农村居民点分布格局表现出不同的区域特征。丘陵区农村居民点面积大、分布密度小,其空间分布相对集中;由丘陵向低山过渡区由于微地势起伏不定,农村居民点数量多、单个居民点规模小,其空间分布集中度较低;低山区农村居民点分布比较零碎,并表现出明显的地带性特征。因此,地形地貌是构成农村居民点分布格局的基础框架并制约着农村居民点用地、规模、形状和分布特征。

DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND INFLUENCE FACTORS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE HILLY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN CHONGQING MUNICIPALITY

The distribution patterns of rural settlements are the important contents of studying the organization evolved rules of rural settlements,and they reflect the interaction between human activities and natural environment,to some extent,based on the 1:2000 land use maps and Topographical maps of the study areas,the distribution patterns and influence factors of rural settlements in the hilly and mountainous areas of Chongqing municipality were analyzed using 11 landscape metrics signifying area,size,shape and distribution of rural settlements,with the assistance of Geographic Information System(GIS) and Fragstats programs 3.3.The results showed that,first,natural conditions were important factors influencing the distribution patterns of rural settlements.With the increase of altitude and slope,areas and average sizes of rural settlements declined gradually,and most of the settlements distributed in the sunny slope.Second,the distribution patterns of rural settlements showed different regional characteristics.In hilly areas,the settlements were relatively concentrated but dispersed in transition zones from hilly to mountainous due to the micro topography fluctuation,large amount and small scale of settlement,while it showed obvious zonal features in mountainous areas.Therefore,topography was the basic framework of constituting the distribution pattern of rural settlements,which restricted areas,size,shape and distribution characteristics of rural settlements.