碳定价的政策工具选择争论:一个文献综述

二氧化碳等温室气体减排的政策工具选择问题是气候变化经济学中的一个重要研究领域。本文对该领域的最新研究进展作了全面的综述,试图梳理出在应对气候变化政策工具选择问题上各种不同主张的分歧所在,为中国碳减排的政策框架制定提供启示。通过对比分析关于传统的命令-控制工具和新型的基于市场的工具效率的几种不同观点,对处于政策工具选择争论核心的两种市场型工具——碳税和总量控制与交易制度在经济效率、政治可行性、执行成本、国际合作等方面各自的优劣性进行了重点评论,并讨论了更复杂的复合工具和双轨规制方法的特征。最后探讨了中国碳减排的政策工具选择问题,并指出了气候变化政策工具选择领域未来的研究重点。

Debate on Policy Instrument Choice for Carbon Pricing:A Survey

Policy instrument choice for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide is one of the important research fields in the economics of climate change.This paper reviews the latest research progress in the field and try to tease part divergence of all kinds of different opinions on instrument choice problem in climate change policy so that provide enlightenment for making policy framework to reduce the emissions of carbon in China.The paper analyses several different viewpoints about efficiency comparison between traditional command-and-control instrument and new market-based instrument;then emphasisly reviews two market-based instrument-carbon tax and cap-and-trade system which is in the debate core for their respective superiority and inferiority in the economic efficiency,political feasibility,execution cost,international cooperation and so on;and then introduce the characteristics of hybrid instrument and dual regulation approach.Finally,the paper explores policy instrument choice for reduce carbon emission in China,and points out the focus of research in the future in this fields.