基于生命周期理论的航运集群演进机制研究：以大连航运服务业为例

航运集群是航运业在一个港口落地生根的重要标志，也是其有效发展的模式，关于航运集群演进机制的研究，是目前产业界、学术界普遍关心的问题。基于生命周期理论分析航运集群的演进机制，可将航运集群划分为形成期、成长期、成熟期、进化期四个阶段。在航运集群发展演变过程中，主导产业会遵循“生产型航运产业—服务型航运产业—知识型航运产业”的顺序更迭，主要动力也会发生“区位优势—集聚经济—创新网络”的次序变更，航运中心的定位也会出现“航运中转型—加工增值型—资源配置型”的层次演进，新兴航运集群生命周期的更迭演进是老牌航运集群进化升级的跳跃发展。大连航运服务业的发展验证了这一机理，最后为航运集群的建设提出了相应的对策建议。

Analysis on Evolution Mechanism of Maritime Cluster based on Life-cycle Theory:TaKing Dalian Maritime Service Industry for Example

Maritime cluster is one of the most important marks of the formation of shipping industry at one port,which is also the effective mode of its development. According to the academical statues,the evolution mechanism research of maritime cluster is what all sectors of society focus on. Based on life-cycle theory, this paper analyzes the development of maritime cluster,and divides it into four stages：formation,develop-ment,maturation and evolution. During the evolution process of maritime cluster,leading industries will change following“productive shipping industry-service shipping industry-knowledge-based shipping indus-try”order,main driving forces will change following“regional advantage-agglomeration economy-innovation network”order,positioning of shipping center will change following“transshipment-processing and value ad-dition-resource configuration”order,and the evolution of emerging maritime cluster life cycle is a jump of the evolutionary development of veteran maritime cluster. The development of Dalian maritime service industry verifies the theory,and corresponding proposals are put forward at the end.