政策工具及其组合与海上风电技术创新和扩散:来自德国的考察

发展低碳经济的核心在于低碳技术创新和扩散,低碳技术创新和扩散受政策工具及其组合的直接影响。总结归纳政策工具类型、设计要点及其组合特征,分析德国海上风电技术政策工具及其组合特征,并定性研究政策工具、组合特征及相应组织对德国海上风电技术创新和扩散的具体影响。结果表明,各政策工具对海上风电技术创新和扩散具有正向影响;全面性政策工具组合能够克服海上风电技术创新和扩散面临的市场失灵、制度失灵和其它瓶颈;政策工具组合特征在单个政策工具对海上风电技术创新和扩散的影响中起调节作用;政策工具组合全面性、可靠性、一致性程度与海上风电技术创新和扩散正相关;政策工具组合可靠性与全面性、一致性之间在对海上风电技术创新影响中存在互补关系。

Policy Instrument,Policy Instrument Mix and Offshore Wind Power Technology Innovation and Diffusion: the Conditions from Germany

Developing low-carbon economy mostly lies in low carbon technology innovation diffusion which is directly affected by policy instruments and their mix. The paper summarizes the types of policy instrument, their design elements and design features of policy instrument mix in the field of low-carbon technologies, and qualitatively analyzes the impact of major policy instruments, policy instrument mix and their organization on offshore wind power technology innovation and diffusion as the example of German offshore wind power technology. The results show that: Firstly, every instrument have a positive effect on innovation and diffusion of offshore wind power technologies; Secondly, comprehensive policy instrument mix can overcome market failures, system failures and other bottlenecks in the process of offshore wind power technology innovation and diffusion; Thirdly， characteristics of a policy instrument mix plays the role of regulation in the impact of major policy instruments and policy instrument mix on offshore wind power technology innovation and diffusion; Fourthly, characteristics of a policy instrument mix and offshore wind power technology innovation and diffusion are positively correlated; Fifthly, the relationship between reliability, comprehensiveness, consistency is complementary in the impact of them on offshore wind power technology innovation.