中美创新战略规划政策工具比较研究

基于Rothwell和Zegveld的政策工具理论，以中国《“十三五”科技创新规划》和美国《2015年美国创新战略》的政策文本为研究对象，对中美创新战略规划的政策工具进行比较研究。结果表明:中美两国使用的环境型政策工具最为频繁，同时中国环境型政策工具的使用比率高于美国；两国使用供给型政策工具的比例相当，但中国供给型政策工具的内部机构不尽合理；两国使用最少的为需求型政策工具，中国需求型政策工具的使用比例尤其低。与美国相比，中国在个别政策工具运用方面存在过溢、错位、缺位等不良现象，就此借鉴美国政策工具的运用经验，提出了完善中国创新战略规划政策工具布局的建议。

A Comparative Study of Policy Tools for Innovation Strategic Planning Between China and America

Based on the policy tool theory of Rothwell and Zegveld,took the policy text of "13th Five-Year" science and technology innovation planning in China and "America Innovation Strategy 2015" as the research objects,this paper made a comparative study of the policy tools of the two countries innovation strategic planning. The results show that the environmental policy tools are the most frequently used both in China and the US,and the ratio of environmental policy tools in China is higher than that in the United States; the proportion of supply-type policy tools in the two countries is similar,but the internal structure of China's supply-type policy tools is not reasonable; the demand-based policy tools are the least used in both countries,and the demand-based policy instruments in China are particularly low. Compared with the United States,China has some disadvantages such as over-overflow,misplacement and vacancy in the use of individual policy tools. Therefore,this paper draws lessons from the experience of policy tools using in America,and puts forward suggestions for improving the layout of policy tools for China's strategic planning.