中国科学院院士遴选效度评价研究

在政策文本内容分析的基础上，明晰中国科学院院士遴选目标与遴选标准变化过程，基于科学社会学的奖励系统理论，确定遴选效度评价指标并提出假设，以学部和相应学科为单位，统计分析1956—2015年国家自然科学奖全部获奖科研成果学科分布，以及中国科学院院士获得该奖项情况。验证假设发现，在以目前院士遴选目标为评价标准的情况下，中国科学院院士遴选效度良好，导致院士遴选制度存在缺陷的关键原因在于遴选目标的设置。藉此建议：重视分析院士国家自然科学奖获奖情况，以提高遴选效度评估的准确性；进一步强化国家科技奖励在院士遴选效度评估中的作用，设立总理科技顾问委员会以优化院士遴选目标。

A Study on the Selection Validity of Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences

On the basis of policy text analysis,this paper defined the change process of selection criteria and objectives of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and then determined selection validity index and put forward hypothesis based on the theory of the sociology of science scientific reward system. In units of faculty and the corresponding subject,it analyzed the identity of National Natural Science Award Winners,as well as the aacademician who won the National Natural Science Award from 1956 to 2015,the result showed that linkage exists between the National Natural Science Award and the selection of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Under current academician selection target,member of Chinese academy of sciences selection validity is good,but it defects selection goal setting. Whereby we recommend attention to the analysis of Sciences National Natural Science Award,so as to improve the accuracy of the assessment of the validity of the selection and to further strengthen the influence of the national science and technology awards for the academician selection,the prime minister of science and technology advisory committee should be set up.