用彩票为公共品融资

一方面私人总是因为可以搭便车而缺乏提供公共品的激励，另一方面社会中又总是存在由私人提供公共品的现象。这两种现象的并存表明有一种既能消除私人自愿供给的“搭便车”问题，也能实现社会最优水平公共品供给机制的可能。近年来国外相关研究表明：彩票作为一种融资工具能较好地解决上述两大问题。但各国的实践证明了这一点的同时，也存在目前理论无法解释的问题，如穷人博彩，地下彩票，彩票与平等问题。本文围绕彩票作为公共品融资工具这一中心，系统地介绍了国内外已有文献关于彩票研究的现状及其问题，以便为我国寻求新的公共品融资机制提供理论参考。

Using Lotteries to Finance Public Goods

For the free-ride problem in voluntary contribution mechanism （VCM） of public goods and inefficiency that govemment provides public goods, we need to seek new financing mechanism to manage public goods. The relevance literature based on microcosmic behavior of individual indicates lotteries as one kind of financing can solve the two problems mentioned above. But some other conclusions from these analyses can not be explained fully by the theory existing, such as poor people buying the lottery, underground lottery and the problem of lottery and equality. This paper based on a basic model introduces the current situation and the problems facing lottery research.