中国工业劳动生产率的收敛性及差异——基于不同所有制企业的分析

在中国市场化转型的背景下,企业所有权性质的变化在提高工业生产效率和促进经济增长方面发挥了重要作用。使用2001-2016年中国工业不同所有制类型的分省份-行业数据,考察不同企业所有制类型的工业经济变动特征,并实证分析劳动生产率收敛趋势,比较和分析其收敛差异。研究发现,中国不同所有制类型的工业劳动生产率均存在绝对收敛和条件收敛,非国有经济的收敛驱动了整体经济的收敛。国有企业由于市场竞争不充分、缺乏创新激励等,劳动生产率的收敛速度要慢于非国有产权企业的。而私营企业能更好的与本土实际相结合,充分匹配适宜的技术,收敛速度要优于外商和港澳台企业。为实现经济发展均衡,政府需继续优化国有经济布局,重视私营企业的发展优势,提高市场资源配置效率,优化创新环境。

Convergence and Difference of Industrial Productivity in China:An Analysis based on Different Ownership Enterprises

In the context of China′s market-oriented transformation,changes in the nature of enterprise ownership play an important role in improving industrial production efficiency and promoting economic growth.Based on the provincial industry data of different types of industrial ownership in China from 2001 to 2016,this paper investigates the characteristics of industrial economic change of different types of enterprise ownership,and empirically analyzes the convergence trend of labor productivity,and compares and analyzes the convergence differences.It is found that absolute convergence and conditional convergence exist in different types of industrial labor productivity in China,and the convergence of non-state economy drives the convergence of the whole economy.The convergence rate of labor productivity of state-owned enterprises is slower than that of non-state-owned enterprises due to inadequate market competition and lack of innovation incentives.And private enterprises can better integrate with the local reality,fully match the appropriate technology,and the convergence rate is better than foreign and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan enterprises.In order to achieve balanced economic development,the government should continue to optimize the layout of the state-owned economy,pay attention to the development advantages of private enterprises,improve the efficiency of market resource allocation,and optimize the innovation environment.