农地经营规模对农村生态环境的影响机理与实证检验——基于农业要素投入的视角

目的 有关农地经营规模影响的研究主要集中在农业增效和农民增收等经济影响方面，文章基于农业要素投入的视角，就农地经营规模对农村生态环境的影响机理进行系统分析和实证检验，对我国建设宜居宜业和美乡村具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。方法 理论分析法、空间动态面板模型和综合评价法。结果 （1）农地经营规模对农村生态环境影响的总效应显著为正。（2） 从影响路径看，农地经营规模对农村生态环境影响的直接效应显著为正，中介效应为负；（3） 在农地经营规模对农村生态环境的间接影响中，资本中介效应显著为负，而劳动中介效应与要素组合中介效应并不显著，农地经营规模对农村生态环境的间接影响主要通过资本中介效应表现出来。结论 要大力发展农地适度规模经营，同时也应采取措施，降低这一过程中资本要素投入大量增加对农村生态环境造成的负面影响，实现经济效益和生态效益的双丰收。

THE IMPACT MECHANISM AND EMPIRICAL TEST OF FARMLAND MANAGEMENT SCALE ON RURAL ECO-ENVIRONMENT*——FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AGRICULTURAL FACTORS INPUT

The current research on the impact of farmland management scale mainly focuses on economic impacts such as agricultural efficiency and farmers'' income. The purpose of this research is to systematically analyze and empirically test the impact mechanism of farmland management scale on the rural eco-environment from the perspective of the input of agricultural factors, which has very important theoretical and practical significance for the current construction of livable, industrial and beautiful villages in China. The methods of the theoretical analysis, spatial dynamic panel model and comprehensive evaluation method were used in this research. The results were showed as follows. (1) The total effect of farmland management scale on rural eco-environment was significantly positive. (2) And from the perspective of influence path, the direct effect of farmland management scale on rural eco-environment was significantly positive, while the mediating effect was negative. (3) Among all these indirect impacts, the mediating effect of capital factor input was significantly negative, while the mediating effect of labor factor input and factors combination were not significant. And the indirect impact of the farmland management scale on the rural eco-environment was mainly presented through the mediating effect of capital factor input. Finally, this study concludes that at present, government should vigorously develop the moderate scale management of agricultural land, and at the same time, government should also take measures to reduce the negative impact on the rural ecological environment caused by the massive increase of capital factor investment in this process, and realize the development of economic and ecological benefits.