农业生态经济系统近远程耦合及可持续发展研究——以云南省高原特色农业为例

目的 揭示多空间尺度要素流动背景下,云南省高原特色农业生态经济系统近远程耦合关系及可持续发展能力的发展态势。方法 文章运用能值分析法,在经济社会效益与生态环境效益分析的基础上,定量测度2000—2020年云南省高原特色农业生态经济系统的近远程耦合关系及可持续发展能力,并剖析其空间格局演变特征。结果 （1）2000—2020年云南省高原特色农业生态系统的能值代谢总量和环境负载率分别从2.07×10²³sej和2.03上升至2.99×10²³sej和2.67,系统的经济社会效益稳步提高,而生态环境效益持续下降。（2）近远程要素能值比从0.01增长至0.24,能值交换率在0.03~0.11间呈倒“U”型发展态势,系统由近程耦合主导,并不断向远程耦合转变;远程耦合以能值输出为主,能值交换始终处于亏损状态。（3）可持续发展指数由1.84波动下降至1.36,可持续发展能值指数和改进的健康能值指数分别在0.26~0.89和30.87~104.49间呈倒“U”型发展态势,系统的可持续发展能力和综合健康水平面临衰退的风险。（4）云南省高原特色农业生态经济系统形成了以滇中为中心,向外围地区扩散的“中心—腹地—边缘”渐进型环带状空间格局。结论 近20年来,云南省高原特色农业发展在一定程度上表现为过度依赖近程资源环境的粗放型模式,远程耦合结构尚不合理。未来需坚持发展现代化生态农业,重点实施“引进来”的农业发展战略,优化系统远程耦合结构,因地制宜分类推进云南省各州市农业生态经济系统可持续发展。

LOCAL COUPLING AND TELECOUPING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM——A CASE STUDY OF PLATEAU CHARACTERISTI AGRICULTURE IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

With the rapid development of economic globalization and technology, the multi scale flow of material, energy, and information is becoming increasingly evident, which has brought more uncertain impacts on the sustainable development of the agricultural eco-economic system. In order to promote the sustainable development of plateau characteristic agriculture in Yunnan province, the emergy analysis method was used to quantitatively measure the local coupling and telecoupling relationship and sustainable development capacity of the plateau characteristic agricultural eco-economic system from 2000 to 2020, and its spatial pattern evolution characteristics were also analyzed. The research results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the total energy metabolism (U) of the plateau characteristic agricultural eco-economic system in Yunnan province increased from 2.07×10²³ sej to 2.99×10²³ sej, and the environmental load rate (ELR) fluctuated from 2.03 to 2.67, indicating that the economic and social benefits of the system steadily improved, while the ecological and environmental benefits continued to decline. (2) The emergy ratio of local and remote elements significantly increased from 0.01 to 0.24, and the emergy exchange rate showed an inverted "U" shaped between 0.03 and 0.11, and this indicated that the system was dominated by local coupling, and it was in a dynamic transition from local coupling to telecoupling; Furthermore, telecoupling mainly relied on energy output, and emergy exchange was always at a loss. (3) The sustainable development index fluctuated from 1.84 to 1.36, and the sustainable development energy index and improved health energy index showed an inverted "U" shaped development trend between 0.26~0.89 and 30.87~104.49, respectively, and this indicated that the sustainable development ability and comprehensive health level of the system were at risk of decline. (4) The plateau characteristic agricultural eco-economic system in Yunnan province formed a gradual spatial pattern of "center interior edge". From the center to the edge, social and economic benefits, ecological pressure, dependence on remote elements, sustainable development ability, and health level were decreasing. Overall, in the past 20 years, the plateau characteristic agriculture in Yunnan province has exhibited an extensive development model that relies excessively on the local ecological environment and resources, and the telecoupling structure is still unreasonable. In order to promote the sustainable development of plateau characteristic agriculture in Yunnan province, modern ecological agriculture needs to be continuously developed, and the "introduced" agricultural development policy needs to be focused on implementing to optimize the telecoupling structure. In addition, based on the characteristics of the agricultural eco-economic system in different regions of Yunnan province, the sustainable development of plateau characteristic agriculture in each region should be classified and promoted according to local conditions.