经营权稳定性、转入规模与农户化肥施用行为——基于转入地的微观实证

目的 论证农地经营权稳定性对农户化肥施用行为的影响,基于产权理论的视角,构建“农地经营权稳定性—转入规模—化肥施用量”的理论分析框架为政府部门制定化肥减量使用的政策安排提供决策参考,以期促进农业绿色高效生产。方法 文章基于2015年对黑龙江、河南、四川及浙江4省1 040户的调查数据,运用中介效应模型揭示农地经营权稳定性对农户化肥施用的影响关系和路径,并尝试引入工具变量来缓解模型内生性问题。结果 （1）农地经营权稳定性总体上显著减少农户的化肥施用量,从不同维度的农地经营权稳定性影响来看,农地流转期限越长和在流转时签订合同均有助于农户减少化肥施用量。（2）农地经营权稳定性对农户化肥施用具有直接效应和间接效应,农地经营权在时间持续和权力保障维度的稳定均会通过扩大土地转入规模从而显著减少农户的化肥施用量。结论 长期稳定的农地经营权和权责明确的流转契约是农户减施化肥的重要因素。政府要积极引导土地较长期限流转,保障时间维度上的持续性;政府要加强土地流转规范管理及培育农户契约意识;政府要积极推进闲散农地流转并因地制宜给予政策优惠。

THE STABILITY OF MANAGEMENT RIGHT, SCALE OF LAND TRANSFER, AND FARMERS'' USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS——AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON MICRO DATA AT THE TRANSFERRED LAND

Demonstrating the impact of the stability of farmland management rights on farmers'' use of chemical fertilizers, and based on the perspective of property rights theory, we construct a theoretical analysis framework of "farmland management rights stability-scale of land transfer-amount of fertilizer application." This framework provides decision-making references for government departments to formulate policies for reducing fertilizer use, aiming to promote green and efficient agricultural production. Utilizing survey data from 1 040 households in four provinces (Heilongjiang, Henan, Sichuan, and Zhejiang) in 2015, we employed the mediation effect model to reveal the relationship and pathway through which the stability of farmland management rights affected farmers'' use of chemical fertilizers. We also attempted to introduce instrumental variables to alleviate endogeneity issues in the model. Overall, the stability of farmland management rights significantly reduced farmers'' use of chemical fertilizers. From different dimensions of the stability of farmland management rights, it was observed that longer land transfer periods and signing contracts during the transfer process helped reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used by farmers. The stability of farmland management rights had both direct and indirect effects on farmers'' use of chemical fertilizers. Stable farmland management rights in terms of duration and power protection would significantly reduce farmers'' use of chemical fertilizers by expanding the scale of land transfer. Therefore, long-term stable farmland management rights and clear contractual responsibilities in land transfer are important factors in reducing farmers'' use of chemical fertilizers. The government should actively guide the longer-term transfer of land to ensure sustainability in the temporal dimension. Moreover, the government should strengthen the standardized management of land transfer and cultivate farmers'' awareness of contracts. Additionally, the government should actively promote the transfer of idle farmland and provide policy incentives tailored to local conditions.